THEME 5Hazırlık Sonrası 9. SınıfB2.114 ders saati

Life in the Neighbourhood, City & Social Life

City development and infrastructure · Urban and rural lifestyles · Future of cities

Sıradaki adımVocabularyHedef kelimeleri örnek cümlelerle öğren.

0 / 8

Başla

Başlamadan önce

What Will I Learn?

Nasıl çalışılır?

Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.

Konular

City development and infrastructure
Urban and rural lifestyles
Future of cities

Dil yapıları

Simple Future vs be going to
Connecting words: cause and effect, contrast (so, until, while, as long as, whereas, by the time, even though, despite…)

Sonraki adımVocabulary →

Adım 1 / 8

Vocabulary

20 hedef kelime

Nasıl çalışılır?

Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
“Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.

neighbourhood

mahalle

Our neighbourhood has a small park and a weekly market.

infrastructure

altyapı

The city is investing heavily in new transport infrastructure.

public transport

n. phrase

toplu taşıma

Public transport in the city centre is fast and cheap.

commute

v./n.

işe gidip gelmek, mesai yolculuğu

Many residents commute over an hour to reach the business district.

congestion

trafik sıkışıklığı

Traffic congestion gets worse every year in the city centre.

pedestrian zone

n. phrase

yaya bölgesi

The old town became a pedestrian zone last year.

urban sprawl

n. phrase

kentsel yayılma

Urban sprawl has swallowed several nearby villages.

rural

adj.

kırsal

Rural areas often have a stronger sense of community.

amenities

n. (pl.)

olanaklar, imkanlar

The new district has excellent amenities, including a library and a clinic.

cost of living

n. phrase

geçim maliyeti

The cost of living is usually higher in a big city than in a village.

community centre

n. phrase

toplum merkezi

The community centre hosts free English classes on Saturdays.

sustainable

adj.

sürdürülebilir

The council is planning a more sustainable public transport network.

renewable energy

n. phrase

yenilenebilir enerji

The city aims to run on 100% renewable energy by 2040.

smart city

n. phrase

akıllı şehir

In a smart city, traffic lights can adjust automatically to reduce congestion.

green space

n. phrase

yeşil alan

Every new housing development must include some green space.

housing development

n. phrase

konut projesi

A large housing development is being built on the edge of town.

high-rise

adj./n.

yüksek katlı (bina)

The skyline is now dominated by high-rise apartment blocks.

gentrification

soylulaştırma

Gentrification has pushed up rents in the old harbour district.

walkable

adj.

yürünebilir

Planners want to create a more walkable city centre.

self-sufficient

adj.

kendine yeterli

The future city concept aims to be almost self-sufficient in energy and food.

← Genel bakışSonraki adımPlay →

Adım 2 / 8

Play

Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
%70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.

Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.

← VocabularySonraki adımGrammar →

Adım 3 / 8

Grammar

Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.

Simple Future (will) vs 'be going to'

1 · Notice

By 2035, most cities will use renewable energy for public transport, experts predict.
Look at these plans — the council is going to build a new pedestrian zone in the old town.
I think traffic congestion will get worse before it gets better.
We are going to move to a quieter neighbourhood next month — we've already signed the contract.

Which sentences are predictions based on opinion or general belief, and which describe a plan or intention that has already been decided? Which sentence is based on present evidence (a plan we can see)?

2 · Discover

A Complete the rule

Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.

will + base verbam/is/are + going to + base verba decided plan or intentiona prediction based on opinion

B Build sentences

Use the cues to build true sentences. Choose 'will' or 'be going to'.

experts think / city populations grow a lot by 2050
✓ Experts think city populations will grow a lot by 2050.
the council already decided / build a new tram line
Your sentence
Model answer
The council has already decided — they are going to build a new tram line.
I probably / move to a bigger flat next year
Your sentence
Model answer
I will probably move to a bigger flat next year.
look at those cranes — the company build a new shopping centre
Your sentence
Model answer
Look at those cranes — the company is going to build a new shopping centre.
nobody knows for sure, but rents probably / rise in that neighbourhood
Your sentence
Model answer
Nobody knows for sure, but rents will probably rise in that neighbourhood.
? / your family move to the countryside one day
Your sentence
Model answer
Will your family move to the countryside one day?

C Your turn

Write four sentences about the future of your own neighbourhood or city: one prediction with 'will', one plan you already know about with 'be going to', one spontaneous offer/decision with 'will', and one question with either form.

I think our neighbourhood will…The council is going to…I'll…Do you think your city will…?

Rule

'Will' + base verb is used for general predictions, opinions about the future, and decisions made at the moment of speaking. 'Be going to' + base verb is used for a plan or intention decided before now, or a prediction based on present evidence.

TR'Will' + yalın fiil, genel tahminler, görüşler ve o an verilen kararlar için kullanılır. 'Be going to' + yalın fiil ise önceden planlanmış bir niyet veya elimizdeki kanıtlara (örn. gördüğümüz bir şey) dayanan bir tahmin için kullanılır.

When?

We use these forms when talking about city plans, infrastructure projects and predictions about the future: 'be going to' for a firm plan, 'will' for an opinion or prediction.

TRŞehir planları, altyapı projeleri ve gelecekle ilgili tahminlerden bahsederken; kesin bir plandan bahsediyorsak 'be going to', bir görüş/tahminden bahsediyorsak 'will' kullanırız.

3 · Form

Positive

The city will grow rapidly.
They are going to open a new metro line.

Negative

Traffic won't disappear completely.
We aren't going to move this year.

Question

Will public transport improve?
Is the council going to build more housing?

Short answers

Yes, it will. / No, it won't.
Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

Mistakes

I think it's going to rain because I feel it.I think it will rain.
A personal opinion/prediction (not based on visible evidence) usually takes 'will', not 'be going to'.
TRKişisel görüş/tahmin belirtiliyorsa 'will' kullanılır, kanıta dayalı değilse 'be going to' gerekmez.
Look at the plans — the city will build a new bridge.Look at the plans — the city is going to build a new bridge.
When there is present evidence (a plan, a map, something we can see), use 'be going to'.
TRElimizde kanıt (plan, harita) varsa 'be going to' kullanılır.
I go to move to a new flat next month.I am going to move to a new flat next month.
The verb 'be' is never dropped in the 'be going to' structure.
TR'be going to' kalıbında 'be' fiili asla atlanmaz.

Compare

Simple Future (will) vs 'be going to'
	will	be going to
Use	Predictions/opinions, spontaneous decisionsI think the city will get busier.	Plans and intentions decided before nowWe are going to open a new bus route next spring.
Evidence	No clear present evidenceCities will probably become greener.	Based on present evidence (a plan, a sign)Look at the cranes — they're going to build a tower here.
Form	will + base verbRents will rise.	am/is/are + going to + base verbRents are going to rise next year.
Typical time words	probably, I think, I'm sure	already, next month (decided plan)They're already going to widen this road next month.

4 · Practice

Challenge

Connecting Words: Cause and Effect

1 · Notice

Traffic congestion increased sharply, so the council introduced a new bus lane.
The city built more cycle paths so that fewer people would need to drive to work.
House prices rose quickly because of the new metro line nearby.
As a result of the housing shortage, many young families have moved to the suburbs.

Which connectors are followed directly by a clause (subject + verb), and which are followed by a noun phrase? What is the difference in meaning between 'so' and 'so that'?

2 · Discover

A Complete the rule

Complete the rule with the words in the box.

so + clause (result)so that + clause (purpose)because of / due to + nounas a result (of) + noun / , as a result + clause

B Build sentences

Combine the two ideas using the connector given.

The bridge was closed for repairs. / Traffic got worse. (so)
✓ The bridge was closed for repairs, so traffic got worse.
The city planted more trees. / to make the air cleaner. (so that)
Your sentence
Model answer
The city planted more trees so that the air would be cleaner.
heavy rain last week / the road flooded. (because of)
Your sentence
Model answer
Because of the heavy rain last week, the road flooded.
the new factory / hundreds of new jobs appeared in the area. (as a result of)
Your sentence
Model answer
As a result of the new factory, hundreds of new jobs appeared in the area.
rents rose fast / many students had to share flats. (so)
Your sentence
Model answer
Rents rose fast, so many students had to share flats.
? / the council widened the road / (why — so that)
Your sentence
Model answer
Why did the council widen the road? So that traffic would flow more smoothly.

C Your turn

Write three sentences about causes and effects in your own city or neighbourhood, using 'so', 'so that' and 'because of'/'as a result of'.

…, so……so that…Because of…/As a result of…

Rule

'So' links a clause showing a result, after a comma. 'So that' shows purpose/intention and is often followed by would/could/can. 'Because of' and 'due to' are followed by a noun phrase, not a clause. 'As a result (of)' can start a formal result sentence or be used with a noun.

TR'So' bir sonucu bağlamak için virgülden sonra bir cümlecik alır. 'So that' bir amaç/niyet bildirir ve genellikle 'would/could/can' ile kullanılır. 'Because of' ve 'due to' bir isim tamlaması alır (cümlecik değil). 'As a result (of)' hem resmi bir sonuç cümlesi başlatabilir hem de isimle kullanılabilir.

When?

We use these connectors when explaining why a city planning decision was made, or what its results were.

TRBir şehir planlama kararının nedenini veya sonucunu açıklarken, ya da bir olayın neden gerçekleştiğini anlatırken bu bağlaçları kullanırız.

3 · Form

Positive

Congestion got worse, so the city built a new ring road.
They widened the pavement so that pedestrians would feel safer.

Negative

The project didn't continue, so the area stayed undeveloped.

Question

Why did rents rise? Because of the new shopping centre nearby.

Short answers

Because of the flooding. / As a result of the new line.

Mistakes

House prices rose because of the demand increased.House prices rose because of the increase in demand. / House prices rose because demand increased.
'Because of' takes a noun phrase, not a clause — use 'because' for a clause.
TR'Because of' bir isim tamlaması alır, cümlecik değil; cümlecik için 'because' kullanılır.
The council built more parks so residents have more green space.The council built more parks so that residents would have more green space.
Purpose 'so that' is usually followed by would/could, not the simple present.
TRAmaç bildiren 'so that' genellikle would/could ile kullanılır.

4 · Practice

Challenge

Connecting Words: Contrast, Time and Condition

1 · Notice

While the city centre is noisy and crowded, the suburbs stay quiet even at rush hour.
Rural areas offer more space, whereas cities offer more job opportunities.
Even though the flat was small, they loved living close to everything.
Despite the traffic, most residents say they wouldn't move to the countryside.
The old bridge will stay closed until the repairs are finished.
You can park here for free as long as you don't stay longer than two hours.
By the time the new metro opens, the population will have grown even more.

Which words introduce a contrast between two ideas? Which are followed directly by a noun/-ing form instead of a clause? Which two connectors are about time or condition rather than contrast?

2 · Discover

A Complete the rule

Complete the rule with the words in the box.

while / whereas + clauseeven though + clausedespite / in spite of + noun/-inguntil / as long as / by the time + clause (time or condition)

B Build sentences

Combine the two ideas using the connector given.

The city is expensive. / Many people still want to live there. (despite)
✓ Despite the high cost of living, many people still want to live in the city.
Village life is quiet. / City life is fast and busy. (whereas)
Your sentence
Model answer
Village life is quiet, whereas city life is fast and busy.
The flat has no balcony. / They love the location. (even though)
Your sentence
Model answer
Even though the flat has no balcony, they love the location.
Rural areas have fewer amenities. / They offer cleaner air and more space. (while)
Your sentence
Model answer
While rural areas have fewer amenities, they offer cleaner air and more space.
Residents can't park here / they show a resident permit. (unless → rewrite with 'as long as')
Your sentence
Model answer
Residents can park here as long as they show a resident permit.
The road stays closed. / the repairs finish. (until)
Your sentence
Model answer
The road stays closed until the repairs finish.

C Your turn

Write four sentences comparing city and countryside life: two with contrast connectors (while/whereas/even though/despite) and two with time/condition connectors (until/as long as/by the time).

While the city……, whereas…Despite…By the time…

Rule

'While' and 'whereas' compare two facts and are followed by a clause. 'Even though' introduces an unexpected contrast and is followed by a clause; 'despite'/'in spite of' are followed by a noun or -ing form. 'Until' marks a point in time, 'as long as' a condition, and 'by the time' the point by which something will have happened.

TR'While' ve 'whereas' iki farklı gerçeği karşılaştırır, ikisi de cümlecik alır. 'Even though' beklenmedik bir karşıtlık bildirir ve cümlecik alır; 'despite'/'in spite of' ise isim ya da -ing yapısı alır. 'Until' bir zaman noktasını, 'as long as' bir koşulu, 'by the time' ise bir olayın gerçekleşeceği ana kadar geçen süreci belirtir.

When?

We use these connectors when comparing urban and rural life, or when stating when or under what condition a plan will happen.

TRKırsal ve kentsel yaşamı karşılaştırırken, ya da bir planın ne zaman/hangi koşulla gerçekleşeceğini belirtirken bu bağlaçları kullanırız.

3 · Form

Positive

While cities offer more jobs, villages offer more space.
Despite the noise, I love living downtown.

Negative

The park won't open until the work is finished.

Question

Would you move to the countryside, even though it's far from your job?

Short answers

Yes, despite the distance. / No, not until things change.

Mistakes

Despite the city is crowded, I enjoy living there.Despite the city being crowded, I enjoy living there. / Even though the city is crowded, I enjoy living there.
'Despite' is followed by a noun or -ing form, not a full clause — use 'even though' for a clause.
TR'Despite' bir cümlecik değil, isim veya -ing yapısı alır.
By the time the new road opens, traffic is getting worse.By the time the new road opens, traffic will have got worse.
'By the time' with a future point often needs 'will have' + past participle to show a completed result.
TR'By the time' ile gelecekteki bir noktaya kadar tamamlanmış bir durum anlatılırken will have + V3 kullanılır.

Compare

Contrast connectors: while/whereas vs even though/despite
	while / whereas + clause	even though + clause / despite + noun-ing
Use	Compares two facts neutrallyCities are crowded, whereas villages are quiet.	Shows a surprising contrastEven though the flat is small, it's very comfortable.
Followed by	subject + verb (clause)While rent is high, demand stays strong.	noun / -ing (despite) or clause (even though)Despite the high rent, demand stays strong.
Position	usually mid-sentence, comma before	can start or end the sentenceDespite the traffic, we arrived on time.
Related but different	until = up to a point in timeThe office stays open until 6 p.m.	as long as = a conditionYou can stay as long as you follow the rules.

4 · Practice

Challenge

← PlaySonraki adımReading →

Adım 4 / 8

Reading

Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.

1 Before reading

Look at the title. What do you think this text is going to describe?
What infrastructure do you think a new neighbourhood needs before people can live there comfortably?

Building the City of Tomorrow

Twenty years ago, the Riverside district of our city was a collection of empty warehouses and cracked pavements. Today, it is one of the most talked-about neighbourhoods in the country, and its transformation says a lot about how modern cities develop. Planners began by improving the basic infrastructure: they repaired the roads, buried the power lines underground, and built a light-rail line connecting Riverside directly to the city centre. Without reliable transport and utilities, they argued, no other improvement would matter.

Once the infrastructure was ready, new housing developments followed quickly, along with amenities that made the area genuinely liveable rather than just convenient: parks, a community centre, cycle paths, and a pedestrian-only high street lined with cafés and small shops. Local officials insist that the goal was never simply to attract wealthy new residents. "We wanted a mixed neighbourhood," explains city planner Deniz Aksoy, "so that teachers, nurses, and young families could still afford to live here, not only people working in the new tech offices nearby."

Not everyone is convinced the plan has fully worked. Rents have risen sharply since the light-rail line opened, and some long-term residents say they no longer recognise their own street. This pattern, sometimes called gentrification, has appeared in cities around the world whenever an area develops quickly. As a result, the council is now going to introduce rules requiring a percentage of affordable housing in every new development — a decision many hope will keep Riverside open to people from every background, not just those who can pay the highest rent.

259 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk

2 While reading

3 After reading

Do you think gentrification is always a bad thing? Why or why not?
Write one sentence describing an infrastructure change you would like to see in your own neighbourhood.

1 Before reading

Would you rather live in a city or a village? Why?
What do you think are the biggest advantages of rural life compared to city life?

City Mouse, Country Mouse: Two Lives Compared

Emre grew up in a small village of about six hundred people and moved to the capital for university five years ago. "The first thing that struck me was the noise," he says. "In my village, you could hear birds and almost nothing else. Here, there's always traffic, always people." Despite the constant noise and the long daily commute, Emre says he wouldn't go back permanently. "There are simply more opportunities here — more jobs, more courses, more things happening every single evening."

His sister Aylin made the opposite choice. After finishing her degree in the city, she returned to their home village to open a small café, even though most of her university friends thought she was making a mistake. "People assume rural life is boring," she says, "but I know almost everyone who walks through that door. My cost of living is much lower, and I'm not stuck in traffic for two hours a day." She admits, however, that some things are harder: the nearest hospital is forty minutes away, and there is only one bus a day to the nearest large town.

Researchers who study urban and rural lifestyles say that stories like Emre and Aylin's are becoming more common as remote work grows. While cities will probably remain centres of innovation and opportunity, rural areas are attracting a new kind of resident: people who want more space and a stronger sense of community, as long as they can still stay connected to city jobs through the internet. Whether this trend continues will depend partly on whether rural infrastructure — from broadband to healthcare — keeps improving fast enough to support it.

275 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk

2 While reading

3 After reading

Whose choice do you find more convincing, Emre's or Aylin's? Why?
Write one sentence comparing your own ideal lifestyle to Emre's or Aylin's.

← GrammarSonraki adımListening →

Adım 5 / 8

Listening

Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.

Planning Our City of the Future — A Group Project Call

1 Before listening

Predict: what three features do you think their future city will include?

0:00

2 While listening

Transkripti göster

KaanOkay, let's plan our City of the Future project. I think the buses should be free and electric — no pollution and everyone can travel easily.

SelinI love that idea! And I think every building should have a garden on the roof, so the city stays green even with lots of buildings.

KaanNice one. What about the design of the buildings themselves?

SelinWe can make them curved and modern. By the way, in the word 'design', the 'g' is actually silent — I always forget that!

KaanHa, good to know. Ege, are you still there?

EgeYes, sorry, I was taking notes. This all sounds great.

SelinOkay, I'll start working on the poster tonight, but I can only finish it if you two send me your notes by tomorrow.

KaanNo problem, I'll send mine tonight.

EgeMe too. We'll have it ready in time.

Village Life vs City Life — A Radio Interview

1 Before listening

What questions would you ask a town planner about the future of your area?

0:00

2 While listening

Transkripti göster

HostWelcome back to the show. Today we're talking about village life versus city life with our guest, a town planner. So, what's the biggest difference between the two?

GuestThanks for having me. I'd say the biggest difference is infrastructure — access to services like hospitals, fast internet, and public transport is usually much better in cities.

HostIs anything being done to close that gap?

GuestYes, actually. This year, the council is going to invest in rural broadband and a new bus route, which should make a real difference for villages.

HostDo you think villages will ever be able to compete with cities?

GuestI don't think it's impossible at all. If digital connections keep improving, rural areas could definitely compete with cities in many ways — people could work remotely and still enjoy a quieter lifestyle.

HostThat's a hopeful thought. Thanks so much for joining us today.

GuestThank you for having me.

← ReadingSonraki adımUse English →

Adım 6 / 8

Use English

Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.

Speaking

City Life or Country Life?

In pairs, compare living in a city with living in a village or small town. Talk about infrastructure, amenities, cost of living and community. Use at least two contrast connectors (while, whereas, even though, despite) and one cause-and-effect connector (so, because of, as a result of).

Speaking

Our City of the Future — A Group Presentation

In groups, design a 'City of the Future' and present it using a poster. Explain your ideas about transport, housing, energy and public spaces, and make predictions using 'will' and 'be going to'.

Writing

A Short Report: Our Neighbourhood's Infrastructure

Write a short report describing your own neighbourhood's infrastructure and amenities (transport, housing, green spaces, shops). Include at least one strength and one area that needs improvement, and one prediction about the future using 'will' or 'be going to'.

Taslağın (tarayıcıda saklanır)

Kontrol listesi

Clear sections with short headings (Transport, Housing, etc.)
At least one strength and one weakness of the infrastructure
Uses will/be going to for at least one prediction or plan
Uses at least one cause-and-effect connector
120–150 words

Writing

City of the Future: A Proposal

Write a proposal describing your vision of a 'City of the Future'. Explain your ideas for transport, housing, energy and community well-being, and give your own opinion about which change matters most.

Taslağın (tarayıcıda saklanır)

Kontrol listesi

Clear introduction that presents the overall vision
At least three specific ideas (transport, housing, energy, or community)
Uses future forms and at least one contrast connector
A personal opinion about the most important change, with a reason
150–180 words

← ListeningSonraki adımReview →

Adım 7 / 8

Review

Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Kısa soruları cevapla.
Kontrol et’e bas.
Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
Sonra tema testine geç.

← Use EnglishSonraki adımTheme Test →

Adım 8 / 8

Theme Test

Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.

Nasıl çalışılır?

Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
Kontrol et’e bas.
Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
%60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.

← ReviewSonraki adımİlerlemem →

Tema sonu

My Progress

İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.

0 XP

Adımlar

Vocabulary—
Play—
Grammar—
Reading—
Listening—
Use English—
Review—
Theme Test—

I can…

I can understand the main ideas of this theme.
I can use the target words.
I can use the target grammar.
I can talk about this theme.
I can write about this theme.
I can understand a text about this theme.
I have finished the theme test.

Ödev — seviyeni seç

Destek

Match 8 vocabulary words about the city and countryside to their Turkish meanings.
Complete 5 will/be going to gap-fill sentences about your own neighbourhood.
Look at a map of your neighbourhood (real or drawn) and write 4 sentences giving directions from your house to the nearest school.
Choose 6 vocabulary words from this theme and write one simple sentence for each about your own city or town.

Standart

Write 5 sentences predicting how your neighbourhood will change in ten years, using will and be going to.
Complete the Grammar 2 and Grammar 3 practice sections online.
Write a short dialogue (6-8 lines) between two neighbours making plans for a weekend community event.
Complete the true/false review questions online and correct any false sentences in full, accurate sentences.

İleri

Research one real 'smart city' project online and write a short paragraph (80–100 words) describing it, using at least one contrast connector.
Record a 1-minute voice note comparing city life and village life in your own region.
Design a one-page promotional leaflet (in English) for a real or imaginary community event in your neighbourhood, using at least two contrast or cause/effect connectors.
Write an 80-100 word comparison paragraph on 'Living in an apartment vs living in a house', using at least three vocabulary words from this theme.

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