natural resource
noun/ˈnætʃrəl rɪˈsɔːs/
doğal kaynakWater and forests are important natural resources for every country.
+ protect a natural resource
THEME 15Lise HazırlıkB133 ders saati
Life in Nature and Global Problems
Natural resources · Animals in nature and their habitats · Protecting natural resources and animals
Başlamadan önce
What Will I Learn?
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
- Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
- Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
- İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
In Theme 15, you will explore Life in Nature and Global Problems: natural resources, animals and their habitats, and how people protect them. You will learn to describe an action that was going on before another action in the past with the Past Perfect Progressive, and to talk about unreal past situations and their results with the Third Conditional.
Konular
- Natural resources
- Animals in nature and their habitats
- Protecting natural resources and animals
Dil yapıları
- Past Perfect Progressive
- Third conditional
Anlayabileceğim
- A text about a rainforest region that almost disappeared
- A text about a student project that protects sea turtles
- A conversation between two volunteers on a beach clean-up
- A conversation between students planning a project about an endangered animal
Söyleyebileceğim
- Talk about natural resources and how people use or protect them
- Describe animals, their habitats, and the threats they face
- Discuss what would have happened if nature hadn't been protected
- Present ideas for a project that protects nature
Yazabileceğim
- A short report about an environmental problem and possible solutions
- A proposal for a class project that protects natural resources or an animal
Çalışma yolu
Adım 1 / 8
Vocabulary
30 hedef kelime
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
- Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
- “Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
- Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.
fossil fuel
noun/ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/
fosil yakıtCars and factories still use a lot of fossil fuel every day.
+ burn fossil fuels
renewable energy
noun/rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/
yenilenebilir enerjiMore cities are switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power.
+ switch to renewable energy
deforestation
noun/ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/
ormansızlaşmaDeforestation destroys the homes of thousands of animal species.
+ stop deforestation
pollution
noun/pəˈluːʃn/
kirlilikPollution from factories has damaged the river for years.
+ air / water pollution
sustainable
adjective/səˈsteɪnəbl/
sürdürülebilirFarmers are learning more sustainable ways to grow food.
+ a sustainable way of life
habitat
noun/ˈhæbɪtæt/
yaşam alanı, habitatThe forest is the natural habitat of hundreds of bird species.
+ a natural habitat
endangered species
noun/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/
nesli tükenmekte olan türThe mountain gorilla is an endangered species that needs urgent protection.
+ protect an endangered species
extinct
adjective/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
nesli tükenmişScientists say hundreds of species could become extinct in the next century.
+ become extinct
wildlife
noun/ˈwaɪldlaɪf/
yaban hayatıThe national park protects wildlife such as bears, wolves, and eagles.
+ protect wildlife
ecosystem
noun/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/
ekosistemA coral reef is a delicate ecosystem that supports thousands of fish.
+ damage an ecosystem
migrate
verb/maɪˈɡreɪt/
göç etmekMany birds migrate south every winter to find warmer weather.
+ migrate south / north
conservation
noun/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/
korumaThe conservation project has helped the tiger population grow again.
+ a conservation project
environmentalist
noun/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/
çevreciThe environmentalist gave a talk about protecting our local river.
+ a local environmentalist
raise awareness
phrase/reɪz əˈweənəs/
farkındalık yaratmakThe school organised a poster campaign to raise awareness about pollution.
+ raise awareness about something
wildlife reserve
noun/ˈwaɪldlaɪf rɪˈzɜːv/
doğal yaşam koruma alanıRangers work every day to protect the animals in the wildlife reserve.
+ work in a wildlife reserve
ban
verb/bæn/
yasaklamakThe government decided to ban plastic bags to reduce pollution.
+ ban single-use plastic
recycle
verb/ˌriːˈsaɪkl/
geri dönüştürmekOur class started a project to recycle paper and plastic at school.
+ recycle paper / plastic / glass
rainforest
noun/ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/
yağmur ormanıA huge rainforest in South America is home to millions of species.
+ protect the rainforest
species
noun/ˈspiːʃiːz/
türThousands of species could lose their habitat if deforestation continues.
+ protect a species
threat
noun/θret/
tehditScientists explained the main threats facing the Anatolian leopard.
+ face a threat
evidence
noun/ˈevɪdəns/
kanıtResearchers finally found evidence that the leopard still existed.
+ find evidence
illegal
adjective/ɪˈliːɡl/
yasa dışıA new law banned illegal logging in the most important forest areas.
+ illegal logging
logging
noun/ˈlɒɡɪŋ/
kereste kesimi, ağaç kesimiIllegal logging destroyed large areas of the rainforest before the ban.
+ stop illegal logging
rubbish
noun/ˈrʌbɪʃ/
çöpVolunteers collected bags of rubbish during the beach clean-up.
+ collect rubbish
trapped
adjective/træpt/
sıkışmış, kapana kısılmışSea animals could get trapped in old fishing nets left on the beach.
+ get trapped in a net
turtle
noun/ˈtɜːtl/
kaplumbağaThe old fishing net could have hurt more fish and turtles.
+ protect sea turtles
disappear
verb/ˌdɪsəˈpɪər/
kaybolmak, yok olmakAn area the size of a small country was disappearing every year.
+ disappear forever
survive
verb/səˈvaɪv/
hayatta kalmakConservationists hope the endangered leopard population will survive.
+ survive in the wild
take action
phrase/teɪk ˈækʃn/
harekete geçmekPeople have to take action before natural resources are lost forever.
+ take action to protect wildlife
Adım 2 / 8
Play
Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
- Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
- Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
- %70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.
Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.
Adım 3 / 8
Grammar
Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
- Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
- Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
- Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.
Past Perfect Progressive: an action in progress before another past action
1 · Notice
- Before the new law passed, factories had been polluting the river for years.
- Scientists had been studying the coral reef for a decade when they discovered the damage.
- The elephants had been migrating to that area every winter until their habitat disappeared.
- How long had the volunteers been planting trees before the forest started to grow back?
What comes before 'been' in these sentences? What does the -ing form tell us about the action?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.
had been-ingHow long hadbefore / when
Well done! You found the rule yourself. Now let's use it.
B Build sentences
Use the cues to write sentences about actions in progress before another past event. Look at the example first.
- factories pollute the river / for years / before the new law
✓ Factories had been polluting the river for years before the new law passed.
- scientists study the coral reef / for a decade / when they found the damage
Model answer
Scientists had been studying the coral reef for a decade when they found the damage.
- the elephants migrate to that area / every winter / until the habitat disappeared
Model answer
The elephants had been migrating to that area every winter until the habitat disappeared.
- ? / how long / the volunteers plant trees / before the forest recovered
Model answer
How long had the volunteers been planting trees before the forest recovered?
- the river not / carry clean water / for months / before people noticed
Model answer
The river hadn't been carrying clean water for months before people noticed.
- hunters kill too many animals / for years / before the ban started
Model answer
Hunters had been killing too many animals for years before the ban started.
C Your turn
Write two sentences about an environmental change: something that had been happening before people noticed the problem, and something that had been happening before a solution started.
Before people noticed, … had been happening for …… had been … until …
Rule
We use the Past Perfect Progressive (had been + verb-ing) for an action that was in progress for some time before another action or moment in the past. It highlights the duration and continuity of the earlier action.
TRPast Perfect Progressive (had been + fiil-ing), geçmişte başka bir geçmiş olaydan önce belirli bir süre devam eden bir eylemi anlatır. Eylemin süresini ve devamlılığını vurgular.
When?
We use it to say how long an environmental problem, or a conservation effort, had been going on before another past event.
TRBir çevresel sorunun ya da bir koruma çalışmasının, başka bir geçmiş olaydan önce ne kadar süredir devam ettiğini anlatırken kullanılır.
3 · Form
Positive
- Factories had been polluting the river for years.
- We had been recycling for six months before the school project started.
Negative
- The river hadn't been carrying clean water for months.
- They hadn't been protecting the habitat before the new law.
Question
- How long had the volunteers been planting trees?
- Had the animals been migrating there for a long time?
Short answers
- Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
- Yes, it had. / No, it hadn't.
Mistakes
- Factories had polluting the river for years.Factories had been polluting the river for years.
Don't forget 'been': had + been + verb-ing.
TR'been' unutulmamalı: had + been + fiil-ing.
- How long had been the volunteers planting trees?How long had the volunteers been planting trees?
Word order: had + subject + been + verb-ing.
TRSoru sırası: had + özne + been + fiil-ing.
Compare
Past Perfect Progressive (had been + -ing) bir eylemin süresini/devamlılığını vurgular; Past Perfect Simple (had + V3) ise genellikle tamamlanmış bir eylemin sonucunu vurgular: 'They had been planting trees for a year' (süreç) vs. 'They had planted 2,000 trees' (tamamlanmış sayı/sonuç).
4 · Practice
Challenge
Third Conditional: unreal past situations and their results
1 · Notice
- If people hadn't cut down so many trees, the animals wouldn't have lost their habitat.
- If we had protected the river earlier, the fish population wouldn't have disappeared.
- The tigers would have survived if hunters hadn't killed so many of them.
- If scientists hadn't warned us about climate change, more species would have become extinct.
Are these real situations or imagined ones about the past? What tense follows 'if'? What comes in the result clause?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.
if + Past Perfectwould have + past participleunrealpast
Well done! You found the rule yourself. Now let's use it.
B Build sentences
Use the cues to write Third Conditional sentences about nature and global problems. Look at the example first.
- people / not cut down / so many trees the animals / not lose / their habitat
✓ If people hadn't cut down so many trees, the animals wouldn't have lost their habitat.
- we / protect / the river earlier the fish population / not disappear
Model answer
If we had protected the river earlier, the fish population wouldn't have disappeared.
- hunters / not kill / so many tigers the tigers / survive
Model answer
If hunters hadn't killed so many tigers, the tigers would have survived.
- scientists / not warn / us about climate change more species / become extinct
Model answer
If scientists hadn't warned us about climate change, more species would have become extinct.
- the factory / not release / chemicals into the lake the water / stay / clean
Model answer
If the factory hadn't released chemicals into the lake, the water would have stayed clean.
- the government / ban / plastic bags earlier there / be / less pollution today
Model answer
If the government had banned plastic bags earlier, there would have been less pollution today.
C Your turn
Write two Third Conditional sentences about a real environmental problem: one about what would have happened if people hadn't acted, and one about what would have happened if they had acted sooner.
If people hadn't …, …If … had … earlier, …
Rule
We use the Third Conditional (If + Past Perfect, … would have + past participle) to talk about an unreal, imagined situation in the past and its imagined result — the opposite of what really happened.
TRThird Conditional, geçmişte gerçekleşmemiş, hayalî bir durumu ve onun (yine geçmişte kalan) hayalî sonucunu anlatır: If + Past Perfect, … would have + V3.
When?
We use it to discuss the consequences of environmental action that was, or wasn't, taken in the past.
TRGeçmişte alınmayan bir çevresel önlemin sonuçlarını, ya da alınan bir önlemin neyi engellediğini tartışırken kullanılır.
3 · Form
Positive
- If we had protected the river earlier, the fish population would have survived.
- The forest would have recovered if people had stopped cutting trees.
Negative
- If people hadn't cut down so many trees, the animals wouldn't have lost their habitat.
- The species wouldn't have become extinct if hunters hadn't hunted it.
Question
- What would have happened if we hadn't protected the reserve?
- Would the river have stayed clean if the factory hadn't polluted it?
Short answers
- Yes, it would. / No, it wouldn't have.
- Yes, they would have. / No, they wouldn't.
Mistakes
- If people didn't cut down so many trees, the animals wouldn't have lost their habitat.If people hadn't cut down so many trees, the animals wouldn't have lost their habitat.
The if-clause needs the Past Perfect (hadn't cut down), not the Simple Past.
TRIf-cümlesinde Past Perfect kullanılır (hadn't cut down), Simple Past değil.
- The tigers would survive if hunters hadn't killed so many of them.The tigers would have survived if hunters hadn't killed so many of them.
The result clause needs would have + past participle, not would + base verb.
TRSonuç cümlesinde would have + V3 kullanılır, would + yalın fiil değil.
Compare
Third Conditional (geçmiş, artık değiştirilemeyen bir durum: 'If we had protected it, it would have survived') ile Second Conditional (şimdiki hayalî durum: 'If we protected it, it would survive') karıştırılmamalıdır — Third Conditional her zaman geçmişle ilgilidir ve gerçekte olmamıştır.
4 · Practice
Challenge
Adım 4 / 8
Reading
Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
- Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
- While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
- After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.
1 Before reading
- Look at the title. What do you think had been happening to the forest?
- Guess: what are two reasons a rainforest might disappear?
The Forest That Had Been Disappearing
For hundreds of years, a huge rainforest had been growing quietly in South America, home to millions of species of plants and animals. But in the last fifty years, large areas had been cut down for farming and wood before governments and scientists finally took real action.
By the early 2000s, companies had been cutting down trees so quickly that scientists warned an area the size of a small country was disappearing every year. Local communities, who had been living in the forest for generations, lost their homes and their traditional way of life.
Then environmental groups started a new project. They had been working with local farmers for two years when a new law banned illegal logging in the most important areas. Farmers received support to grow crops without destroying more trees.
Today, the deforestation rate in that region is much lower than it was twenty years ago. Scientists say that if people hadn't acted when they did, thousands more species would have lost their habitat forever.
The story of this rainforest shows that natural resources can recover — but only if people protect them before it is too late.
191 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- What natural resources are important in your own country? Name two.
- Do you think laws are the best way to protect forests? Why or why not?
1 Before reading
- Look at the title and think: why might sea turtles be in danger?
- Guess: what could ordinary people do to help protect them?
Saving the Sea Turtles
Selin is a marine biology student who spends her summers on a small research project on the coast. Before she joined, volunteers had been counting sea turtle nests for three years, and the numbers were falling fast.
Sea turtles are an endangered species because of pollution, fishing nets, and the loss of safe beaches for laying eggs. If people hadn't started protecting the nesting beaches, many more turtles would have died before reaching the sea.
Every night in the summer, Selin and the other volunteers had been walking along the beach, looking for new nests. When they find one, they mark it and protect it from dogs, birds, and careless visitors.
The project also works with local hotels. If a hotel hadn't agreed to turn off its beach lights at night, the baby turtles would have walked towards the lights instead of the sea, because they naturally follow the brightest light.
Thanks to this teamwork, the number of nests on the beach has almost doubled in five years. Selin says the project shows that ordinary people can protect wildlife if they take action together.
184 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Have you ever seen or read about an endangered animal in your country? Which one?
- Write two sentences about what you would do to help protect an endangered species.
Adım 5 / 8
Listening
Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
- Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
- Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
- Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.
Beach Clean-up Volunteers
1 Before listening
- You will hear two volunteers talking during a beach clean-up.
- Guess: what kind of rubbish do you think they find on a beach?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
EmreWow, look at all this plastic! How long had people been throwing rubbish here before the clean-up started?
ZaraI think local families had been coming here for picnics for years, and nobody had organised a clean-up before this one.
EmreThat explains it. If someone had started a project earlier, the beach wouldn't be in this state now.
ZaraTrue. Look, there's an old fishing net over there — animals could get trapped in it.
EmreWe should cut it up before we throw it away. If that net had stayed in the sea, it would have hurt more fish and turtles.
ZaraExactly. Natural resources like clean beaches don't protect themselves — people have to take action.
EmreHow many bags have we filled so far?
ZaraSix! And we've only been working for an hour. Let's keep going.
3 After listening
- Have you ever taken part in a clean-up or a similar volunteer project? What happened?
- Write one sentence about something you would have done differently if you had been at the beach.
Planning an Endangered Species Project
1 Before listening
- You will hear two students planning a class project about an endangered animal.
- Predict: what information does a good project about an animal usually include?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
AslıSo for our project, I think we should choose the Anatolian leopard — it's an endangered species in Türkiye.
KeremGood idea. Scientists had been searching for proof that it still existed for a long time before they finally found evidence a few years ago.
AslıReally? If they hadn't found that evidence, people might have thought the species was already extinct.
KeremExactly. We should explain its habitat, the threats it faces, and what conservation groups are doing now.
AslıI can research the habitat and the threats. Can you look at the conservation projects?
KeremSure. If we finish the research by Friday, we'll have enough time to make a good poster.
AslıWe also have to think about a presentation — maybe we could role-play as environmentalists explaining the project.
KeremI like that. Let's meet in the library tomorrow to plan the poster together.
3 After listening
- Which endangered animal would you choose for a project? Why?
- Write one sentence about a threat facing an animal in your country.
Adım 6 / 8
Use English
Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
- Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
- Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
- Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.
If We Hadn't Protected It…
With a partner, discuss what would have happened to different natural resources or animals if people had not taken action to protect them. Use the Third Conditional.
Useful language
If people hadn't protected …, … would have …If we hadn't banned …, …What do you think would have happened if …?I think … would have disappeared / survived.
Adımlar
- Look at four picture cards: a forest, a river, an endangered animal, a coral reef.
- With your partner, discuss what might have happened to each one without protection.
- Make at least four sentences with the Third Conditional (if + hadn't/had, would have).
- Listen to your partner's sentences and ask one follow-up question each.
- Share your favourite sentence with the class.
DestekGive sentence frames on cards for lower-level students.
Hedef4 Third Conditional sentences about natural resources or animals.
İleriFast finishers add a fifth picture of their own choice.
Conservationist Interview
Role-play an interview between a journalist and a conservationist about an environmental project. This helps you prepare for your performance task.
Useful language
What had you been doing before this project started?Why is this habitat / species important?What would have happened if you hadn't acted?In my opinion, …
Adımlar
- Decide who is the journalist and who is the conservationist.
- The conservationist chooses a project (protecting a forest, an animal, a river, etc.).
- The journalist prepares four questions using this theme's grammar and vocabulary.
- Act out the interview.
- Swap roles and interview about a different project.
DestekProvide question starters for the journalist.
HedefA 4-question interview role-play.
İleriRecord your interview, or present it to another pair.
An Environmental Problem and Solutions
Write a short report about an environmental problem (for example deforestation, pollution, or an endangered species) and suggest two solutions. This will help you prepare for your performance task project.
Plan
- Choose one environmental problem to focus on.
- Note 2-3 facts about the problem (use the Third Conditional or Past Perfect Progressive if useful).
- Write two clear solutions or actions people could take.
- Check your grammar and vocabulary before finishing.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
natural resourcepollutionendangered speciesconservationsustainableraise awarenessThe main problem is…If people hadn't…, …One solution would be to…We should…
Kontrol listesi
A Proposal for a Conservation Project
Write a short proposal for a class project that protects natural resources or an endangered animal — this is a first draft for your performance task. Explain the problem, what your project will do, and why it matters.
Plan
- Choose a natural resource or animal to focus your project on.
- Explain the threat it faces in 1-2 sentences.
- Describe what your project will do, step by step.
- Add one sentence about the result you hope for.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
habitatwildlife reserveconservationecosystemtake actionrecycleOur project will focus on…If we don't act now, …We plan to…We hope that…
Kontrol listesi
Adım 7 / 8
Review
Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Kısa soruları cevapla.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
- Sonra tema testine geç.
Adım 8 / 8
Theme Test
Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
- %60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.
Tema sonu
My Progress
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
0 XP
Adımlar
- Vocabulary—
- Play—
- Grammar—
- Reading—
- Listening—
- Use English—
- Review—
- Theme Test—
I can…
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