solar system
noun/ˈsəʊlə ˌsɪstəm/
güneş sistemiThe Sun and eight planets are part of our solar system.
+ our solar system
THEME 8Lise HazırlıkA233 ders saati
Life in the Universe
Planets and satellites in the solar system · Facts about planets · The Earth as a planet
Başlamadan önce
What Will I Learn?
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
- Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
- Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
- İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
In Theme 8, you will explore Life in the Universe: the planets and satellites in our solar system, interesting facts about each planet, and what makes Earth so special. You will learn to talk about general truths with the Zero Conditional and real future possibilities with the First Conditional (if/unless).
Konular
- Planets and satellites in the solar system
- Facts about planets
- The Earth as a planet
Dil yapıları
- Zero conditional
- First conditional (if / unless)
Anlayabileceğim
- A text about the planets in our solar system
- A text about Earth as a special, habitable planet
- An interview with a space scientist about planets
- A conversation between two students planning a solar system project
Söyleyebileceğim
- Talk about facts and features of different planets
- Ask and answer questions about space exploration
- Role-play an astronaut describing a space mission
- Present facts about your chosen planet to the class
Yazabileceğim
- A fact file about a planet
- A short script for a planetary explorer or scientist
Çalışma yolu
Adım 1 / 8
Vocabulary
30 hedef kelime
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
- Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
- “Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
- Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.
planet
noun/ˈplænɪt/
gezegenMars is a small, red planet.
+ explore a planet
satellite
noun/ˈsætəlaɪt/
uyduThe Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth.
+ a natural satellite
orbit
verb / noun/ˈɔːbɪt/
yörünge / yörüngede dönmekThe Earth orbits the Sun once a year.
+ orbit the Sun
moon
noun/muːn/
ay (gök cismi)Jupiter has many moons.
+ a moon of a planet
gravity
noun/ˈɡrævəti/
yerçekimiGravity keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun.
+ the force of gravity
astronaut
noun/ˈæstrənɔːt/
astronotAn astronaut travels to space to explore other planets.
+ become an astronaut
spacecraft
noun/ˈspeɪskrɑːft/
uzay aracıScientists send a spacecraft to study distant planets.
+ launch a spacecraft
surface
noun/ˈsɜːfɪs/
yüzeyThe surface of Mars is red and rocky.
+ the planet's surface
atmosphere
noun/ˈætməsfɪə(r)/
atmosferEarth's atmosphere protects us from the Sun's harmful rays.
+ a thick / thin atmosphere
rocky
adjective/ˈrɒki/
kayalık, taşlıMercury and Mars are rocky planets.
+ a rocky planet
gas giant
noun/ɡæs ˈdʒaɪənt/
gaz deviJupiter is a huge gas giant with no solid surface.
+ a gas giant planet
temperature
noun/ˈtemprətʃə(r)/
sıcaklıkThe temperature on Venus is extremely high.
+ a high / low temperature
distance
noun/ˈdɪstəns/
mesafeThe distance between Earth and the Sun is about 150 million kilometres.
+ the distance from the Sun
rotate
verb/rəʊˈteɪt/
kendi ekseni etrafında dönmekThe Earth rotates once every 24 hours.
+ rotate on its axis
revolve
verb/rɪˈvɒlv/
bir cismin etrafında dönmekThe Earth revolves around the Sun once a year.
+ revolve around the Sun
oxygen
noun/ˈɒksɪdʒən/
oksijenWe need oxygen to breathe, and only Earth has enough of it.
+ breathe oxygen
habitable
adjective/ˈhæbɪtəbl/
yaşanabilirEarth is the only habitable planet we know of.
+ a habitable planet
explore
verb/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/
keşfetmekScientists use spacecraft to explore other planets.
+ explore space
universe
noun/ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/
evrenOur solar system is just a tiny part of the universe.
+ life in the universe
star
noun/stɑː(r)/
yıldızThe Sun is the star at the centre of our solar system.
+ a bright star
scientist
noun/ˈsaɪəntɪst/
bilim insanıA space scientist explained how planets orbit the Sun.
+ a space scientist
telescope
noun/ˈtelɪskəʊp/
teleskopScientists use powerful telescopes to study distant planets.
+ look through a telescope
fuel
noun/ˈfjuːəl/
yakıtA spacecraft needs enough fuel to reach its destination.
+ run out of fuel
mission
noun/ˈmɪʃn/
görev, misyonThe astronaut has just returned from a mission to Mars.
+ a space mission
destination
noun/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
varış noktası, hedefUnless the spacecraft has enough fuel, it won't reach its destination.
+ reach a destination
freeze
verb/friːz/
donmakWater freezes if the temperature falls below 0°C.
+ freeze at low temperatures
discover
verb/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/
keşfetmekIf scientists discover water on a planet, they will look for signs of life.
+ discover water
harmful
adjective/ˈhɑːmfl/
zararlıEarth's atmosphere protects us from harmful rays from the Sun.
+ harmful rays
ring
noun/rɪŋ/
halkaSaturn's beautiful rings are made of ice and rock.
+ Saturn's rings
Adım 2 / 8
Play
Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
- Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
- Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
- %70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.
Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.
Adım 3 / 8
Grammar
Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
- Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
- Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
- Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.
Zero conditional: facts about planets and space
1 · Notice
- If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature usually is high.
- Water freezes if the temperature falls below 0°C.
- If there is no atmosphere, sound doesn't travel.
- Objects weigh less if the gravity is weaker.
What tense do we use in both parts of these sentences? What kind of facts do they describe?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.
Present Simplegeneral truthsifcomma
Well done! You found the rule yourself. Now let's use it.
B Build sentences
Use the cues to write Zero Conditional sentences about facts in space. Look at the example first.
- a planet be close to the Sun temperature / be high
✓ If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature is high.
- temperature fall below 0°C water / freeze
Model answer
If the temperature falls below 0°C, water freezes.
- there not be / an atmosphere sound / not travel
Model answer
If there isn't an atmosphere, sound doesn't travel.
- gravity be weak objects / weigh less
Model answer
If gravity is weak, objects weigh less.
- you stand on the Moon you / weigh less
Model answer
If you stand on the Moon, you weigh less.
- a planet be far from the Sun it / be very cold
Model answer
If a planet is far from the Sun, it is very cold.
C Your turn
Write two Zero Conditional sentences about facts you know about planets or space.
If a planet …If there is no …
Rule
We use the Zero Conditional (If + Present Simple, Present Simple) to talk about general truths, scientific facts, and things that are always true — for example, facts about planets and space.
TRZero Conditional (Sıfırıncı Koşul Cümlesi), genel doğruları, bilimsel gerçekleri ve her zaman doğru olan şeyleri anlatmak için kullanılır — örneğin gezegenler ve uzayla ilgili gerçekler. If + Geniş Zaman, Geniş Zaman yapısı kullanılır.
When?
We use it when a result always happens under the same condition — like a scientific law about planets, gravity, or temperature.
TRBir koşul her zaman aynı sonucu verdiğinde kullanılır — gezegenler, yerçekimi ya da sıcaklıkla ilgili bilimsel bir kural gibi.
3 · Form
Positive
- If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature is high.
- Water freezes if the temperature falls below 0°C.
Negative
- If there isn't an atmosphere, sound doesn't travel.
- Objects don't weigh the same if the gravity isn't the same.
Question
- What happens if a planet has no atmosphere?
Short answers
- It has no weather, and sound doesn't travel there.
Mistakes
- If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature will be high.If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature is high.
Don't use 'will' in the Zero Conditional — use the Present Simple in both clauses.
TRZero Conditional'da 'will' kullanılmaz — her iki cümlecikte de Geniş Zaman kullanılır.
- If the temperature fall below 0°C, water freezes.If the temperature falls below 0°C, water freezes.
Remember -s/-es with a singular subject like 'temperature' in the if-clause.
TRIf cümleciğinde özne tekilse (temperature gibi) fiile -s/-es eklenir.
4 · Practice
Challenge
First conditional: real possibilities with if and unless
1 · Notice
- If astronauts travel to Mars, they will need special spacesuits.
- We won't survive on the Moon unless we bring oxygen.
- If scientists discover water on a planet, they will look for signs of life.
- Unless the spacecraft has enough fuel, it won't reach its destination.
What tense is used after if/unless? What tense is used in the main clause? What does 'unless' mean?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.
Present Simplewill + base verbif...notfuture
Well done! You found the rule yourself. Now let's use it.
B Build sentences
Use the cues to write First Conditional sentences about space exploration. Look at the example first.
- astronauts travel to Mars they / need special spacesuits
✓ If astronauts travel to Mars, they will need special spacesuits.
- astronauts land on Mars they / collect rock samples
Model answer
If astronauts land on Mars, they will collect rock samples.
- we not / wear a spacesuit we / not survive in space
Model answer
If we don't wear a spacesuit, we won't survive in space.
- unless / the crew have enough oxygen they / not / complete the mission
Model answer
Unless the crew has enough oxygen, they won't complete the mission.
- the rocket launch on time it / reach orbit by Friday
Model answer
If the rocket launches on time, it will reach orbit by Friday.
- unless / scientists find a habitable planet humans / not / live there
Model answer
Unless scientists find a habitable planet, humans won't live there.
C Your turn
Write two First Conditional sentences about a future space mission or exploring another planet: one with if, one with unless.
If astronauts …Unless we …
Rule
We use the First Conditional (If + Present Simple, will + base verb) to talk about real, possible situations in the future and their results. Unless means 'if...not' and introduces a condition that must not happen for the result to be true.
TRFirst Conditional (Birinci Koşul Cümlesi), gelecekte gerçekleşmesi mümkün, gerçek durumları ve sonuçlarını anlatmak için kullanılır: If + Geniş Zaman, will + yalın fiil. Unless, 'eğer …olmazsa' anlamına gelir ve sonucun gerçekleşmesi için olmaması gereken bir koşulu tanıtır.
When?
We use it to talk about real future possibilities in space exploration — what will happen if (or unless) certain conditions are met.
TRUzay keşfiyle ilgili gelecekte gerçekleşmesi mümkün durumları anlatırken kullanılır — belirli koşullar gerçekleşirse (ya da gerçekleşmezse) ne olacağını anlatmak için.
3 · Form
Positive
- If astronauts travel to Mars, they will need special spacesuits.
- We will explore new planets if technology improves.
Negative
- If we don't protect Earth's atmosphere, the climate will change.
- Unless the crew has enough oxygen, they won't complete the mission.
Question
- What will happen if scientists find water on Mars?
Short answers
- They will look for signs of life there.
Mistakes
- If astronauts will travel to Mars, they will need special spacesuits.If astronauts travel to Mars, they will need special spacesuits.
Don't use 'will' in the if-clause — use the Present Simple.
TRIf cümleciğinde 'will' kullanılmaz — Geniş Zaman kullanılır.
- Unless we don't protect Earth's atmosphere, the climate will change.Unless we protect Earth's atmosphere, the climate will change.
Unless already means 'if...not', so don't add another negative.
TRUnless zaten 'eğer …olmazsa' anlamına geldiği için cümlede ikinci bir olumsuzluk eklenmez.
Compare
Zero Conditional her zaman doğru olan genel gerçekleri anlatır (Ice melts if the temperature rises — bu her zaman böyledir). First Conditional ise gelecekte gerçekleşmesi mümkün, özel bir durumu ve sonucunu anlatır (If we launch the rocket tomorrow, it will reach orbit — sadece bu durumda).
4 · Practice
Challenge
Adım 4 / 8
Reading
Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
- Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
- While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
- After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.
1 Before reading
- Look at the title. How many planets do you think are in our solar system?
- Guess: which planet do you think is the hottest?
Our Solar System: A Family of Planets
Our solar system has one star, the Sun, and eight planets that revolve around it. The four planets closest to the Sun — Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars — are small and rocky. The four planets farther away — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — are much bigger gas giants.
Every planet orbits the Sun, but each one takes a different amount of time. Mercury orbits the Sun in just 88 days because it is close to the Sun. Neptune, the farthest planet, takes about 165 years!
Many planets also have satellites, or moons. Saturn has more than 80 moons, and its beautiful rings are made of ice and rock. Earth has only one moon, but it is very important — it affects our ocean tides.
If a planet is close to the Sun, its temperature is usually high. Venus, for example, is the hottest planet because its thick atmosphere traps heat. If a planet is far from the Sun, like Neptune, it is extremely cold.
Scientists use powerful telescopes and spacecraft to explore these planets. If we send astronauts to Mars one day, they will learn much more about the red planet and its surface.
196 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- What is one fact from the text that surprised you? Write one sentence.
- Which planet would you like to explore? Why?
1 Before reading
- What makes Earth different from other planets? Guess two things.
- Look at the title. What do you already know about Earth's atmosphere?
Earth: Our Special Planet
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and as far as we know, it is the only habitable planet in our solar system. But what makes Earth so special?
Earth has a thick atmosphere full of oxygen. If a planet doesn't have enough oxygen, humans and animals cannot breathe there. Earth's atmosphere also protects us from harmful rays from the Sun.
Unless a planet has liquid water, life cannot survive easily. Earth has huge oceans, rivers and lakes — about 70% of its surface is covered with water. Mars, in comparison, only has ice at its poles.
Earth's distance from the Sun is also important. It is not too close, like hot Venus, and not too far, like cold Neptune. Scientists call this the 'habitable zone'.
If astronauts explore other planets in the future, they will probably agree that Earth is still the best place for life. That's why it's so important to take care of our planet.
159 kelime · yaklaşık 1 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Why do you think Earth is called a 'special' planet? Write two reasons.
- Design one poster idea for your solar system project comparing Earth to another planet.
Adım 5 / 8
Listening
Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
- Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
- Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
- Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.
Interview with a Space Scientist
1 Before listening
- You will hear an interview between a student reporter and a space scientist.
- Guess: what two questions would you ask a space scientist about planets?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
ReporterThank you for talking to us today! Can you tell us which planet is the biggest in our solar system?
ScientistOf course! Jupiter is the biggest planet. It's a huge gas giant — more than 300 Earths could fit inside it!
ReporterWow! And which planet is closest to the Sun?
ScientistThat's Mercury. If a planet is close to the Sun, like Mercury, its temperature changes a lot between day and night.
ReporterInteresting! Does every planet have a moon?
ScientistNo, it doesn't. Mercury and Venus don't have any moons, but Saturn has more than 80!
ReporterWhat happens if a spacecraft doesn't have enough fuel?
ScientistUnless a spacecraft has enough fuel, it won't reach its destination. That's why scientists plan missions very carefully.
ReporterOne last question — will humans live on another planet one day?
ScientistMaybe! If we find a habitable planet with water and oxygen, humans might live there in the future.
3 After listening
- What is the most interesting fact you heard in this interview?
- Write one question you would like to ask a space scientist.
Planning Our Solar System Project
1 Before listening
- You will hear two students planning their solar system project.
- Predict: what jobs might they need for a project about planets? Think of two.
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
EgeSo for our solar system project, we have to choose which planets to explore. Can you research Mars and Venus?
ZeynepSure, I can do that. I'll write a short script for an astronomer who studies them.
EgeGreat. I'll write about Jupiter and Saturn — the gas giants. If we finish the research today, we can start writing the scripts tomorrow.
ZeynepGood idea. Unless we practise our roles, the presentation won't be smooth. Let's rehearse on Thursday.
EgeAgreed. We also need one scene about Earth — why it's the only habitable planet we know of.
ZeynepI can write that scene. If I finish early, I'll help you with Jupiter's facts too.
EgePerfect. Let's meet in the library at 4 pm to compare our notes.
ZeynepOK, see you there! Don't forget to bring your notes on gravity.
3 After listening
- If you did a project about a planet, which planet would you choose? Why?
- Write one First Conditional sentence about your own project plans.
Adım 6 / 8
Use English
Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
- Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
- Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
- Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.
Guess the Planet
With a partner, take turns giving clues about a planet (size, distance from the Sun, temperature, moons) while your partner guesses which planet it is.
Useful language
This planet is…It orbits the Sun in…If you visit this planet, you will…Is it … ?
Adımlar
- Choose a planet and write 3 clues about it (without naming it).
- Give your first clue to your partner.
- Your partner guesses the planet; if they are wrong, give another clue.
- Swap roles and repeat with a different planet.
- Play again with 2 more planets each.
DestekGive students a fact card with key numbers (distance, moons, temperature) for each planet.
Hedef3 planets guessed correctly per pair.
İleriFast finishers add one Zero Conditional fact for each planet (e.g. 'If you stand here, you weigh less.').
Mission to Mars: Astronaut Interview
One of you is a reporter and one is an astronaut who has just returned from a mission to Mars. Role-play a short interview about the mission, using the First Conditional to talk about future missions.
Useful language
What will happen if…?Unless we…, we won't…If we go back to Mars, we will…It was…
Adımlar
- Decide who is the reporter and who is the astronaut.
- The astronaut thinks of 3 facts about the Mars mission (what they saw, found, or did).
- The reporter prepares 3 questions, including at least one with if/unless.
- Act out the interview.
- Swap roles and do it again for a different planet.
DestekGive reporters a list of question starters (What did you…? What will happen if…?).
Hedef3 questions and answers per pair.
İleriFast finishers record their interview idea as notes for their solar system project script.
Planet Fact File
Choose one planet and write a short fact file about it. Include its distance from the Sun, its size, its temperature, and one Zero Conditional fact about it.
Plan
- Choose your planet and research 4 key facts.
- Organise your facts: distance, size, temperature, moons.
- Write one Zero Conditional sentence about your planet.
- Check your grammar and punctuation.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
planetorbitsurfaceatmospheretemperaturedistance… is the … planet from the Sun.It orbits the Sun in…If you visit this planet, …Its surface is…
Kontrol listesi
My Interplanetary Explorer Script
Write a short script (6-8 lines) for your solar system project. Create a character — an astronaut, astronomer or scientist — who describes a planet they are exploring. Use at least one First Conditional sentence with if or unless.
Plan
- Choose your character and which planet they are exploring.
- Decide what they discover or explain about the planet.
- Write 6-8 lines of script, including a First Conditional sentence.
- Read it aloud with a partner and time it.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
astronautspacecraftexplorehabitablegravityuniverseIf we…, we will…Unless we…, we won't…This planet is…I have discovered that…
Kontrol listesi
Adım 7 / 8
Review
Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Kısa soruları cevapla.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
- Sonra tema testine geç.
Adım 8 / 8
Theme Test
Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
- %60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.
Tema sonu
My Progress
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
0 XP
Adımlar
- Vocabulary—
- Play—
- Grammar—
- Reading—
- Listening—
- Use English—
- Review—
- Theme Test—
I can…
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