value
noun/ˈvæljuː/
değerHonesty is a value that most cultures respect deeply.
+ a core value
THEME 1011. SınıfB1.311 ders saati
Values and Norms
Expressing opinions · Exchanging ideas · Making comments
Bu yıl önceki program işleniyor. Resmî 2026–2027 yıllık planına göre normal 11. sınıfta bu yıl önceki program (Yıldırım Yayınları ders kitabı, 10 tema) işleniyor. TYMM'in gelecek yıllar için öngördüğü 8 temalı çerçeve (Spice 11 — Maarif Modeli serisi), bu sınıf TYMM'e geçtiğinde kullanılmak üzere ayrıca saklanmaktadır.
Başlamadan önce
What Will I Learn?
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
- Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
- Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
- İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
This theme explores values and norms — the shared ideas about right and wrong behaviour that guide people's lives — and how to express opinions, exchange ideas, and make comments about them politely.
Konular
- Expressing opinions
- Exchanging ideas
- Making comments
Dil yapıları
- Correlative conjunctions (both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also)
Anlayabileceğim
- I can understand people expressing opinions about values such as honesty and kindness
- I can understand a discussion in which speakers agree or disagree about a value
- I can understand someone describing a custom or norm from their own culture
- I can understand a speaker explaining why a value matters to them
- I can understand spoken comments made in response to someone else's opinion
- I can understand written texts comparing customs from different places
Söyleyebileceğim
- I can express my opinion about which value matters most
- I can exchange ideas with a partner about values and customs
- I can make a polite comment on someone else's opinion
- I can agree or disagree with an opinion politely
- I can compare two customs or norms and explain the value behind each one
- I can describe a value or custom from my own family or community
Yazabileceğim
- I can write sentences using correlative conjunctions to link ideas about values
- I can write a short paragraph giving my opinion about an important value
- I can write a paragraph comparing two customs or norms
- I can write a short comment responding to someone else's opinion
Çalışma yolu
Adım 1 / 8
Vocabulary
24 hedef kelime
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
- Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
- “Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
- Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.
norm
noun/nɔːrm/
norm, kuralShaking hands is a common social norm in many countries.
+ a social norm
honesty
noun/ˈɒnɪsti/
dürüstlükHer honesty made everyone trust her opinion.
+ complete honesty
respect
noun/verb/rɪˈspekt/
saygıStudents should respect both their teachers and their classmates.
+ mutual respect
equality
noun/ɪˈkwɒləti/
eşitlikThe school promotes equality between all students, regardless of background.
+ a sense of equality
kindness
noun/ˈkaɪndnəs/
nezaket, iyilikA small act of kindness can brighten someone's whole day.
+ an act of kindness
tolerance
noun/ˈtɒlərəns/
hoşgörüLiving in a diverse city has taught her a lot about tolerance.
+ cultural tolerance
generosity
noun/ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/
cömertlikHis generosity was clear when he shared his lunch with a new student.
+ great generosity
integrity
noun/ɪnˈteɡrəti/
dürüstlük, bütünlükA good leader acts with integrity, even when no one is watching.
+ act with integrity
fairness
noun/ˈfeərnəs/
adalet, tarafsızlıkThe teacher was known for her fairness when giving grades.
+ a sense of fairness
empathy
noun/ˈempəθi/
empatiEmpathy allows us to understand how another person feels.
+ show empathy
courtesy
noun/ˈkɜːrtəsi/
nezaket, incelikIt is a matter of courtesy to say thank you when someone helps you.
+ common courtesy
responsibility
noun/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/
sorumlulukTaking responsibility for your mistakes is an important value.
+ take responsibility
compassion
noun/kəmˈpæʃn/
şefkat, merhametThe volunteers treated every patient with compassion.
+ treat with compassion
loyalty
noun/ˈlɔɪəlti/
sadakatLoyalty to friends is something she values highly.
+ show loyalty
humility
noun/hjuːˈmɪləti/
alçakgönüllülükDespite his success, he spoke about his team with humility.
+ speak with humility
diversity
noun/daɪˈvɜːrsəti/
çeşitlilikThe club celebrates the diversity of its members' backgrounds.
+ cultural diversity
patience
noun/ˈpeɪʃns/
sabırPatience is needed when working with young children.
+ have patience
gratitude
noun/ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/
minnettarlıkShe wrote a letter to express her gratitude to her teacher.
+ express gratitude
sincerity
noun/sɪnˈserəti/
içtenlikPeople appreciated the sincerity of his apology.
+ speak with sincerity
cooperation
noun/kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/
işbirliğiGood teamwork depends on cooperation between all members.
+ close cooperation
custom
noun/ˈkʌstəm/
gelenek, adetRemoving your shoes before entering a home is a common custom in many countries.
+ a local custom
etiquette
noun/ˈetɪket/
görgü kurallarıTable etiquette differs from one culture to another.
+ table etiquette
upbringing
noun/ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/
yetiştirme tarzıHer strong sense of honesty comes from her upbringing.
+ a strict upbringing
Adım 2 / 8
Play
Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
- Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
- Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
- %70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.
Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.
Adım 3 / 8
Grammar
Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
- Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
- Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
- Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.
Correlative Conjunctions — both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also
1 · Notice
- She is both honest and kind to everyone she meets.
- You can either agree with his opinion or explain why you disagree.
- He is neither rude nor selfish; he always thinks of others.
- Good manners are not only about words but also about actions.
What do you notice about the words in bold pairs — how many parts do they have, and what kind of ideas do they connect?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Complete the sentences with the correct correlative conjunction pair from the box.
both...andeither...orneither...nornot only...but also
Well done! You're using correlative conjunctions like a fluent speaker.
B Build sentences
Combine the two cues into one sentence using the conjunction pair shown.
- honest kind (both...and)
✓ She is both honest and kind.
- fair patient (both...and)
Model answer
The teacher is both fair and patient with her students.
- apologise explain your mistake (either...or)
Model answer
You can either apologise or explain your mistake.
- rude disrespectful (neither...nor)
Model answer
A good friend is neither rude nor disrespectful.
- polite genuinely caring (not only...but also)
Model answer
He is not only polite but also genuinely caring.
- listen carefully respond thoughtfully (both...and)
Model answer
Good listeners both listen carefully and respond thoughtfully.
C Your turn
Write 2-3 original sentences about values you consider important, using both...and, either...or, neither...nor, or not only...but also.
A good friend is both...In my opinion, we should either... or...I believe people should not only... but also...
Rule
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words (both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also) that connect two equal grammatical elements — words, phrases, or clauses — within a sentence. The two connected elements should have the same grammatical form (parallel structure).
TRCorrelative conjunctions (both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also), bir cümle içinde iki eş değerli unsuru (kelime, öbek ya da cümlecik) birbirine bağlayan çift bağlaçlardır. Bağlanan iki unsur aynı dilbilgisel yapıda olmalıdır (paralel yapı).
When?
We use both...and to add two positive ideas equally; either...or to show a choice between two options; neither...nor to negate two ideas together; and not only...but also to emphasise an additional, often stronger, point.
TRİki olumlu fikri eşit şekilde eklemek için both...and; iki seçenek arasında tercih belirtmek için either...or; iki fikri birlikte olumsuz yapmak için neither...nor; ek ve genellikle daha güçlü bir noktayı vurgulamak için not only...but also kullanılır.
3 · Form
Positive
- Both + A + and + B
- Not only + A + but also + B
Negative
- Neither + A + nor + B
Question
- Is/Are + subject + both + A + and + B?
- Does/Do + subject + either + A + or + B?
Short answers
- Neither do I.
- So does she. (in response to a both...and statement)
Mistakes
- She is both honest and she is kind.She is both honest and kind.
The two parts joined by both...and must have the same grammatical form — here, two adjectives, not an adjective and a clause.
TRBoth...and ile bağlanan iki unsur aynı dilbilgisel yapıda olmalıdır; burada bir sıfat yerine cümlecik kullanılmamalıdır.
- He neither likes tea or coffee.He likes neither tea nor coffee.
Neither must be paired with nor, not or.
TRNeither, 'or' ile değil 'nor' ile eşleştirilmelidir.
- Not only she is kind but also generous.She is not only kind but also generous.
When 'not only' begins a clause with a full subject and verb, subject-verb inversion is needed; it is simpler to place 'not only' after the subject instead.
TR'Not only', özne ve yüklemle başlayan bir cümlenin başında kullanıldığında devrik yapı gerekir; genelde özneden sonra kullanmak daha basittir.
- Either you apologise either you leave.Either you apologise or you leave.
Either must be paired with or, not repeated.
TREither tekrar edilmez; 'or' ile eşleştirilmelidir.
Compare
| Positive idea | Negative / choice idea | |
|---|---|---|
| Adding two positive/equal ideas | both...andShe is both fair and kind. | neither...norShe is neither unfair nor unkind. |
| Presenting a choice or emphasis | either...orYou can either speak up or stay silent. | not only...but alsoYou should not only speak up but also listen. |
4 · Practice
Challenge
Adım 4 / 8
Reading
Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
- Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
- While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
- After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.
1 Before reading
- Think about a time you visited a new place or met people from a different background. What customs surprised you?
- What does the word 'etiquette' mean to you?
Good Manners Around the World
Every culture in the world has its own set of unwritten rules about polite behaviour. These rules, often called social norms or etiquette, guide how people greet each other, eat together, and show respect. Although the details are different, most cultures share the same basic values: honesty, kindness, and respect for others.
In many Western countries, a firm handshake and direct eye contact are seen as signs of confidence and respect. In parts of East Asia, a slight bow is more common, and it is considered impolite to shake hands too firmly. In some Middle Eastern and South Asian cultures, taking off your shoes before entering someone's home is both a custom and a sign of courtesy toward the host.
Table manners also vary widely. In some countries, finishing every bite on your plate shows gratitude to the cook. In others, leaving a little food behind is a polite way of showing that you have had enough. Neither habit is right or wrong on its own — both are simply different expressions of the same value: respect.
Learning about another culture's customs is not just useful for travellers. It also teaches tolerance and open-mindedness. When we understand why people behave the way they do, we are less likely to judge them unfairly. A truly polite person is not only someone who follows their own culture's rules but also someone who respects other people's norms, even when those norms are unfamiliar.
So the next time you meet someone from a different background, try to notice — and appreciate — both the differences and the shared values underneath them.
267 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Which custom described in the text was new information for you?
- Do you think it's important to learn local customs before travelling? Why or why not?
1 Before reading
- What three words would you use to describe a person with good values?
- Do you think values like honesty and kindness are the same everywhere, or do they change from place to place?
What Makes a Good Person?
If you ask ten different people what makes a good person, you will probably get ten different answers. Still, certain values appear again and again in these answers: honesty, kindness, respect, and responsibility. Many people believe that a good person is not only kind to their friends but also fair to strangers.
Honesty is often mentioned first. Telling the truth, even when it is uncomfortable, builds trust between people. A student who admits a mistake honestly, instead of blaming someone else, earns more respect in the long run than one who hides the truth. Integrity — doing the right thing even when no one is watching — is closely connected to honesty.
Kindness and empathy are also seen as essential. A kind person notices when someone is struggling and offers help without expecting anything in return. Empathy allows us to imagine how another person feels, which makes it easier to be patient and understanding, especially with people whose experiences are very different from our own.
Responsibility matters too. Good citizens take responsibility for their actions, both at home and in their community. They understand that their choices — whether it's keeping a promise or recycling their waste — affect other people. Being responsible is not always exciting, but it is one of the clearest signs of maturity.
In the end, there is probably no single answer to what makes a good person. It depends on either the culture you grew up in or the personal experiences that shaped you. What most people can agree on, however, is that values like honesty, kindness, and responsibility make communities stronger — wherever you happen to live.
273 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Which value discussed in the text do you think is the most important? Why?
- Can you think of an example from your own life that shows honesty, kindness, or responsibility?
Adım 5 / 8
Listening
Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
- Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
- Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
- Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.
Which Value Matters Most?
1 Before listening
- What would you say if someone asked you to name the most important value in life?
- Listen and find out which values the two speakers mention.
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
AOkay, for our debate club topic this week — which is more important, honesty or kindness?
BThat's a tough one. I'd say honesty, actually. Without honesty, you can't really trust anyone, even a kind person.
AI see your point, but I think kindness matters more. You can be both honest and quite harsh at the same time, and that can really hurt people.
BTrue, but a kind lie is still a lie. If a friend asks for your honest opinion about their project and you just say something nice to avoid hurting them, are you really helping them?
AGood question. Maybe the real answer is that we need both — honesty delivered with kindness.
BExactly. Neither value on its own is enough. It's not only what you say but also how you say it.
ASo for our presentation, let's argue that a good friend is neither purely honest nor purely kind — they combine both.
BPerfect. Let's write that down before we forget it.
3 After listening
- Do you agree with the speakers' final conclusion? Why or why not?
- Can you think of a time when being honest and being kind seemed to conflict?
Customs from My Grandmother's Village
1 Before listening
- What is one custom or tradition your family follows?
- Listen and note down which value the speaker's family custom teaches.
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
StudentHi everyone. For my presentation today, I want to talk about a small custom from my grandmother's village. Every Sunday, the whole family sits down together for a big meal, and before anyone starts eating, the youngest person at the table has to say one thing they are grateful for that week.
StudentAt first, I thought it was a little strange — I mean, either you're hungry and want to eat, or you're standing there talking, right? But over time, I realised the custom isn't really about the food. It's about gratitude and respect for the people around you.
StudentMy grandmother says this tradition is not only about saying 'thank you' but also about noticing the good things in your life, even during a difficult week. Neither rich nor poor families in her village skip this small ritual — everyone does it, from children to grandparents.
StudentNow, whenever my family gets together, we try to keep the custom going, even though we live in the city. It reminds us that some values, like gratitude, don't change, even when everything else around us does.
3 After listening
- What is a value that your own family custom teaches?
- Do you think old customs like this one are still useful in modern city life?
Adım 6 / 8
Use English
Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
- Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
- Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
- Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.
Which Value Matters Most?
In pairs, look at a list of values (honesty, kindness, respect, responsibility, tolerance) and discuss which one matters most in friendship, and which matters most in society, giving reasons.
Useful language
In my opinion, ... matters most because...I both agree and disagree with that...Either ... or ... is more important, in my view...That's an interesting point, but have you considered...?
Adımlar
- Look at the list of five values together.
- Individually, rank the values from most to least important for a good friend.
- Compare your rankings with your partner and explain your reasons.
- Discuss whether your ranking would change for 'a good citizen' instead of 'a good friend'.
- Agree on one shared opinion to share with the class.
DestekGive students a simplified list of just three values and sentence starters on the board.
HedefStudents give at least two supported reasons for their ranking.
İleriStudents challenge their partner's ranking with a counter-example.
Comparing Customs
In groups, each student describes one custom or tradition from their own family or community that reflects an important value. The group then compares the customs and discusses the shared values behind them.
Useful language
In my family, we both... and...This custom shows respect because...Neither of our customs is more correct than the other...That reminds me of...
Adımlar
- Individually, think of one custom from your own family or community.
- Take turns describing your custom and the value behind it to the group.
- Ask each speaker at least one follow-up question.
- As a group, identify two values that appear in more than one custom.
- Prepare a short summary to share with the class.
DestekProvide example customs (e.g. a birthday tradition, a holiday meal) students can choose from if they prefer not to share personal details.
HedefStudents describe their custom clearly and identify the value behind it.
İleriGroups compare how similar values are expressed differently across their customs.
My Most Important Value
Write a paragraph giving your opinion on the value you think is most important for a good friend, using correlative conjunctions to support your opinion.
Plan
- Choose one value (e.g. honesty, kindness, respect, loyalty).
- State your opinion clearly in the first sentence.
- Give two reasons, using both...and or not only...but also.
- End with one sentence about why this value matters to you personally.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
valuehonestykindnessrespectloyaltytrustIn my opinion, ... is the most important value because...A good friend is both ... and ...Not only does this value help ..., but it also ...
Kontrol listesi
Comparing Two Customs
Write a short paragraph comparing two customs or norms (from your own experience, family, or general knowledge) and explain what value each one shows.
Plan
- Choose two customs to compare.
- Briefly describe each custom in one or two sentences.
- Explain the value behind each custom.
- Use either...or or neither...nor to compare or contrast them.
- End with a sentence about what the two customs have in common.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
customnormetiquettetolerancecourtesyOne custom is..., while the other is...Neither custom is better than the other; they simply...You can either... or..., depending on the culture.
Kontrol listesi
Adım 7 / 8
Review
Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Kısa soruları cevapla.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
- Sonra tema testine geç.
Adım 8 / 8
Theme Test
Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
- %60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.
Tema sonu
My Progress
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
0 XP
Adımlar
- Vocabulary—
- Play—
- Grammar—
- Reading—
- Listening—
- Use English—
- Review—
- Theme Test—
I can…
Ödev — seviyeni seç
Destek
- Match 8 vocabulary words from this theme to their Turkish meanings.
- Complete 5 gap-fill sentences choosing the correct correlative conjunction pair from a word bank.
- Underline the correct conjunction pair in 6 short sentences about values.
- Copy and complete 4 sentences using both...and, given the two ideas to join.
Standart
- Write 6 original sentences using correlative conjunctions about people you know.
- Write a short paragraph (80-100 words) about the value you consider most important.
- Complete 10 mixed practice items on correlative conjunctions.
- Choose 8 vocabulary words from this theme and write one original sentence for each.
İleri
- Write a 150-word paragraph comparing values in two different situations (e.g. school life vs. family life), using at least three correlative conjunction pairs.
- Interview a family member about a value they consider important and report it in writing.
- Write 5 sentences with two clauses each, combining a value-related opinion with a correlative conjunction.
- Prepare a 1-minute spoken opinion about the most important value for a good citizen, using at least two correlative conjunction pairs.
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