cybercrime
n.
siber suçCybercrime now costs the world economy far more than traditional theft.
THEME 8Hazırlık Sonrası 10. SınıfB1+/B211 ders saati
Crime in Society
8A Cyberspace: A Bandit Territory — expressing free choice, giving information briefly, disapproving of an action · 8B Poetic Justice — cybercrime and justice, national/moral/cultural values
Bu yıl önceki program işleniyor. Resmî 2026–2027 yıllık planına göre hazırlık sonrası 10. sınıfta bu yıl önceki program işleniyor. Temalar ve içerik, okulda okutulan 'PROGRESS 10th Grade' ders kitabının 10 temasına birebir uyarlanmıştır. TYMM'in gelecek yıllar için öngördüğü 8 temalı çerçeve, bu sınıf TYMM'e geçtiğinde kullanılmak üzere ayrıca saklanmaktadır.
Başlamadan önce
What Will I Learn?
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
- Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
- Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
- İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
Konular
- 8A Cyberspace: A Bandit Territory — expressing free choice, giving information briefly, disapproving of an action
- 8B Poetic Justice — cybercrime and justice, national/moral/cultural values
Dil yapıları
- Disapproving expressions
- Free-choice expressions and idiomatic collocations
Çalışma yolu
Adım 1 / 8
Vocabulary
20 hedef kelime
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
- Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
- “Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
- Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.
hacker
n.
bilgisayar korsanıA hacker broke into the company's servers and stole customer records.
phishing
n.
oltalama (phishing)The phishing email looked exactly like a real message from her bank.
scam
n.
dolandırıcılık, hileHe nearly fell for a scam promising a free holiday.
identity theft
n. phrase
kimlik hırsızlığıIdentity theft can take months to sort out once your details have been stolen.
data breach
n. phrase
veri ihlaliThe data breach exposed the passwords of millions of users overnight.
malware
n.
kötü amaçlı yazılımOpening the attachment installed malware on his laptop without him noticing.
ransomware
n.
fidye yazılımıThe hospital's computer system was frozen by ransomware for three days.
two-factor authentication
n. phrase
iki adımlı doğrulamaEven with your stolen password, two-factor authentication can stop a hacker getting in.
password manager
n. phrase
parola yöneticisiA password manager means you never have to remember dozens of passwords yourself.
encryption
n.
şifrelemeStrong encryption keeps your messages private, even if someone intercepts them.
cyberbullying
n.
siber zorbalıkCyberbullying can follow a victim home and continue at any hour of the day.
whistleblower
n.
muhbir, ihbarcıThe whistleblower revealed that the company had hidden the data breach for months.
verdict
n.
hüküm, kararThe court's verdict finally gave the victims a sense of justice.
accountability
n.
hesap verebilirlikReal accountability means admitting a mistake, not just apologising in public.
loophole
n.
kanun boşluğu, açıkThe fraudster found a legal loophole and avoided punishment for years.
fall victim to
idiom, v. phrase
kurbanı olmak, mağdur olmakEven experienced internet users sometimes fall victim to a convincing scam.
bring someone to justice
idiom, v. phrase
adalete teslim etmekIt took investigators two years to bring the hacking group to justice.
get away with
phr. v. (transitive)
yanına kâr kalmak, cezasız kalmakThe scammer thought he could get away with it, but the bank traced the transfer.
cover your tracks
idiom
izini kaybettirmekSkilled hackers know how to cover their tracks so investigators can't trace them.
Adım 2 / 8
Play
Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
- Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
- Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
- %70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.
Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.
Adım 3 / 8
Grammar
Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
- Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
- Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
- Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.
Expressing Free Choice: Whoever, Whatever, Whichever, No Matter...
1 · Notice
- Whoever created that phishing email clearly wanted to trick people into giving away their passwords.
- You can choose whichever password manager you trust most — the important thing is that you use one.
- No matter what a scammer promises you online, never share your bank details by email.
- Whatever method hackers use, a strong firewall and common sense can stop most attacks.
Which words let you talk about any person, thing or choice at all, without limiting it to one specific one?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Look at the Notice sentences again. Complete the rule with the words in the box.
any personany thingany one you chooseit makes no difference
Exactly — you've worked out how these free-choice expressions work!
B Build sentences
Use the cues to build true or logical sentences using a free-choice expression.
- you can install / whichever antivirus program you prefer
✓ You can install whichever antivirus program you prefer.
- the police will investigate / whoever is behind the data breach
Model answer
The police will investigate whoever is behind the data breach.
- no matter what / a stranger online / promise you never / send money
Model answer
No matter what a stranger online promises you, never send money.
- you can report the scam / to whichever authority handles cybercrime in your country
Model answer
You can report the scam to whichever authority handles cybercrime in your country.
- whatever / password / you choose make it strong and unique
Model answer
Whatever password you choose, make it strong and unique.
- ? / whoever / send / this phishing email know your email address
Model answer
Does whoever sent this phishing email know your email address?
C Your turn
Write four sentences about online safety using whoever, whatever, whichever and no matter what/who.
Whoever…Whatever…You can choose whichever…No matter what…
Rule
Whoever, whatever and whichever mean 'any person/thing/one you choose', without limiting it to one specific option. No matter who/what/which have the same meaning: 'it makes no difference which one'.
TRWhoever (kim olursa olsun), whatever (ne olursa olsun), whichever (hangisini seçerseniz seçin) ve no matter who/what/which (kim/ne/hangisi olursa olsun) ifadeleri, belirli bir kişi, şey ya da seçenekle sınırlı kalmadan 'her kim/her ne/hangisi olursa olsun' anlamı vermek için kullanılır.
When?
We use these expressions when a rule or warning applies to everyone/everything, or when there is free choice between several options — especially in online-safety advice.
TRBir kuralın ya da uyarının herkes/her şey için geçerli olduğunu vurgularken, ya da birden fazla seçenek arasında serbest seçim olduğunu belirtirken kullanılır — özellikle çevrimiçi güvenlik tavsiyelerinde.
3 · Form
Positive
- Whoever reported the scam did the right thing.
- You can choose whichever browser you like, as long as you keep it updated.
Negative
- No matter what he says, don't trust an unexpected money request.
- Whatever excuse a scammer gives, it doesn't make the request safe.
Question
- Whichever service will you use to report the fraud?
- Does it matter whoever sent the message?
Short answers
- It doesn't matter — no matter who it is, report it.
- Whichever one — they all work.
Mistakes
- Whoever is he, don't give him your password.Whoever he is, don't give him your password.
After whoever, use normal subject–verb word order, not question order.
TRWhoever + özne + fiil sırası normal cümle sırasını takip eder, soru sırasını değil.
- You can use whatever password manager, it doesn't strong.You can use whatever password manager you like, as long as it's strong.
Whatever is usually followed by a noun, or noun + subject + verb.
TRWhatever'dan sonra genellikle bir isim ya da isim + özne + fiil gelir.
- No matter what does he promise, ignore it.No matter what he promises, ignore it.
After 'no matter what', don't use question word order — use normal statement order.
TR'No matter what' den sonra yardımcı fiil devrik kullanılmaz, düz cümle yapısı gelir.
Compare
| Whoever/Whatever/Whichever | No matter who/what/which | |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | any person/thing/one, freely chosenChoose whichever plan suits you. | the same meaning, slightly more emphaticNo matter which plan you choose, read the terms first. |
| Position | can start or be inside the clauseReport it to whoever is on duty. | usually starts the clause, often with a commaNo matter who is on duty, report it. |
| Typical use | giving free choice | giving a warning that applies whatever happens |
4 · Practice
Challenge
Expressions of Disapproval: Should(n't) Have, Ought to Have, It's Wrong To, I Don't Approve Of
1 · Notice
- The company shouldn't have ignored so many warnings before the data breach happened.
- He ought to have reported the scam the moment he noticed it, not a week later.
- It's wrong to read someone else's private messages without their permission.
- I don't approve of people who share other students' photos online without asking first.
Which expressions criticise a past action that already happened, and which express disapproval of behaviour in general?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Complete the rule with the words in the box.
a mistake in the past that can't be changed nowin general, at any timea more formal alternative to shouldn't have
Well done — you can now tell past mistakes apart from general disapproval!
B Build sentences
Use the cues to build sentences of disapproval.
- the school shouldn't have / ignore the cyberbullying reports
✓ The school shouldn't have ignored the cyberbullying reports.
- the bank ought to have / warn customers about the phishing emails
Model answer
The bank ought to have warned customers about the phishing emails.
- it's wrong to / share someone's private photos without permission
Model answer
It's wrong to share someone's private photos without permission.
- I / don't approve of / people who / spread fake news online
Model answer
I don't approve of people who spread fake news online.
- they shouldn't have / click on that suspicious link
Model answer
They shouldn't have clicked on that suspicious link.
- ? / he / ought to have / report the hacker to the police
Model answer
Ought he to have reported the hacker to the police?
C Your turn
Write four sentences disapproving of unethical online behaviour, using should(n't) have, ought to have, it's wrong to, and I don't approve of.
He shouldn't have…They ought to have…It's wrong to…I don't approve of…
Rule
Should have / shouldn't have + past participle criticises a past mistake that can't be undone. Ought to have + past participle is a more formal alternative with the same meaning. It's wrong to + verb and I don't approve of + verb-ing express general disapproval of behaviour.
TRShould have / shouldn't have + V3 (geçmiş zaman ortacı), geçmişte yapılan ya da yapılmayan bir hatayı eleştirmek için kullanılır ve artık değiştirilemez. Ought to have + V3, 'shouldn't have' ile aynı anlamda ama daha resmi bir alternatiftir. It's wrong to + fiil ve I don't approve of + fiil-ing ise genel olarak bir davranışı onaylamadığımızı belirtmek için kullanılır.
When?
Use should(n't) have / ought to have to criticise a specific past mistake; use it's wrong to / I don't approve of to criticise unethical behaviour in general — especially when discussing cybercrime and online ethics.
TRGeçmişte olan bir hatayı eleştirirken should(n't) have / ought to have; genel olarak etik olmayan bir davranışı eleştirirken it's wrong to / I don't approve of kullanırız — özellikle siber suç ve çevrimiçi etik konularında.
3 · Form
Positive
- He should have changed his password sooner.
- It's wrong to hack into someone's account, even as a joke.
Negative
- She shouldn't have opened that attachment.
- I don't approve of people who spy on their friends' accounts.
Question
- Should the company have informed its customers earlier?
- Ought they to have reported the fraud immediately?
Short answers
- Yes, they should have. / No, they shouldn't have.
- Yes, they ought to. / No, they oughtn't to.
Mistakes
- He should have go to the police.He should have gone to the police.
Should have is followed by the past participle (V3), not the base form.
TRShould have'den sonra V3 (past participle) gelir, base form değil.
- It's wrong to shared private information.It's wrong to share private information.
'It's wrong to' is followed by the to-infinitive (base form), not the past form.
TR'It's wrong to' bir fiilin base (to-infinitive) hâliyle kullanılır.
- I don't approve to people who bully others online.I don't approve of people who bully others online.
'Approve' is followed by the preposition 'of', not 'to'.
TR'Approve' fiilinden sonra gelen edat 'of'tur, 'to' değil.
Compare
| Shouldn't have / ought to have + V3 | It's wrong to / I don't approve of + V(-ing) | |
|---|---|---|
| Time reference | a specific past mistakeShe shouldn't have shared her password. | behaviour in general, at any timeIt's wrong to share someone's password. |
| Form | modal + have + V3He ought to have reported it. | it's + adj + to / don't approve of + -ingI don't approve of hacking, even as a prank. |
| Tone | regret or criticism about one event | a general moral judgement |
4 · Practice
Challenge
Adım 4 / 8
Reading
Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
- Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
- While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
- After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.
1 Before reading
- What do you think the title 'Bandits Without Borders' might mean?
- Have you or someone you know ever received a suspicious message online? What happened?
Bandits Without Borders
A century ago, a bandit needed a horse, a weapon and a lonely mountain road. Today's most successful criminals need none of these things — only a laptop, a stable internet connection and a convincing lie. Cybercrime has turned the whole planet into a kind of open territory, where a thief in one country can empty a stranger's bank account on the other side of the world without ever leaving their chair. Because these crimes cross borders so easily, catching the people responsible is far harder than catching a bandit on a single road.
Many cybercriminals don't break into computers at all — they trick people into opening the door themselves. This is known as phishing: sending a message that looks like it comes from a bank, a delivery company or even a friend, designed to make the reader click a link or hand over a password. The most dangerous scams don't rely on clever code; they rely on urgency and fear, pushing victims to act before they stop to think.
Fighting back doesn't always require expensive software. Simple habits — using a different password for every account, thinking twice before clicking an unexpected link, and turning on two-factor authentication — stop the vast majority of attacks before they start. Cyberspace may feel like bandit territory, but every careful user makes it a little less lawless.
226 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Which safety habit from the text do you already follow? Which one will you start?
- Why do you think cybercriminals often target people's emotions rather than their computers?
1 Before reading
- What do you think 'poetic justice' means? Can you think of an example from a film or story?
- Do you think online crimes are punished as seriously as offline crimes? Why or why not?
Justice in the Digital Age
When a burglar breaks a window, the evidence is easy to see. When a hacker breaks into an account, the evidence is a string of invisible code, and that makes justice much harder to deliver. Courts around the world are now training specialist judges and detectives simply to keep up with crimes that didn't exist twenty years ago, from ransomware attacks on hospitals to the theft of millions of people's personal data in a single breach.
Poetic justice — the idea that wrongdoers eventually get the punishment they deserve, often in a fitting or ironic way — has always fascinated storytellers. In the digital world, this sometimes happens by accident: a scammer's own device gets infected by the same malware they used on others, or a hacker is caught because they bragged about the crime online. Real justice, however, rarely arrives so neatly; most cybercriminals are never identified at all.
That's why fairness in the digital age depends on more than punishment after the fact. Companies are expected to protect the data they collect, whistleblowers who expose wrongdoing deserve legal protection rather than punishment, and ordinary users need clear, simple laws they can actually understand. A just digital world isn't only about catching criminals — it's about building a system where trust is earned and protected in the first place.
220 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Why might 'poetic justice' happen more often in stories than in real life?
- What responsibility do you think companies have to protect the data they collect from us?
Adım 5 / 8
Listening
Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
- Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
- Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
- Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.
The Suspicious Email
1 Before listening
- Predict: what kind of email do you think made Ece worried?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
EceI got the strangest email this morning. It said my bank account was locked and I needed to click a link immediately.
BurakThat sounds suspicious. Did you click it?
EceI almost did, but then I noticed the sender's address was spelled wrong — it said 'bankk' with two k's.
BurakGood catch. That's a classic sign of a scam.
EceI know, right? I deleted it straight away.
BurakScammers hope people panic and click without thinking. That's exactly how they trick you.
EceWell, it almost worked on me. I'll be more careful next time.
BurakAlways check the sender's address before you do anything.
Know Your Rights Online
1 Before listening
- Predict: what three pieces of advice do you think Ms Aydın will give?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
Ms AydınGood afternoon, everyone. Today I want to talk about what to do if you experience cybercrime online.
Ms AydınMy first piece of advice is to keep the evidence — take screenshots before you block or delete anything.
Ms AydınSome of you might think reporting a scam is pointless because the criminal will never be caught, but that's not true.
Ms AydınEvery report helps build a bigger picture and can help authorities catch patterns of fraud across many victims.
Ms AydınReporting is also the fair thing to do, because staying silent could let the scammer target someone else next.
Ms AydınSo remember: keep evidence, report it, and don't be afraid to ask for help.
Adım 6 / 8
Use English
Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
- Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
- Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
- Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.
Who's to Blame?
In pairs, discuss a scenario: a classmate lost money after clicking a fake prize link. Whose fault is it, and could it have been prevented? Use disapproval expressions (shouldn't have, it's wrong to) and free-choice expressions (whoever, whatever, no matter what) where natural.
Presenting an Online Safety Rule
Prepare a two-minute talk about one type of cybercrime (such as phishing, ransomware or cyberbullying) and one online-safety rule connected to it. Explain what the crime involves, why it matters, and what people should or shouldn't do to stay safe.
A Cybercrime Awareness Article
Write a short magazine article warning teenage readers about one type of cybercrime (phishing, cyberbullying, identity theft, etc.). Start with a clear topic sentence, add at least three supporting sentences with details and examples, and finish with a concluding sentence giving advice.
Kontrol listesi
A Fair Verdict
Write a short opinion paragraph giving your view on how society should treat cybercriminals. Should punishments for cybercrime be as serious as for 'real-world' crime? Support your opinion with at least two reasons.
Kontrol listesi
Adım 7 / 8
Review
Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Kısa soruları cevapla.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
- Sonra tema testine geç.
Adım 8 / 8
Theme Test
Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
- %60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.
Tema sonu
My Progress
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
0 XP
Adımlar
- Vocabulary—
- Play—
- Grammar—
- Reading—
- Listening—
- Use English—
- Review—
- Theme Test—
I can…
Ödev — seviyeni seç
Destek
- Match 8 vocabulary words from this theme to their Turkish meanings.
- Complete 5 gap-fill sentences using whoever, whatever or whichever.
- Copy out 6 disapproval expressions from this theme (shouldn't have, ought to have, it's wrong to, I don't approve of) and write one example sentence for each.
- Complete a short gap-fill about online safety using should have / shouldn't have.
Standart
- Write 5 sentences giving online-safety advice using whoever, whatever, whichever or no matter what.
- Complete the Grammar 1 and Grammar 2 practice sections online.
- Write a short dialogue (6–8 lines) between two friends, one of whom nearly fell for an online scam.
- Choose five vocabulary words from this theme and use each one in your own sentence about online safety or justice.
İleri
- Research a real news story about a cybercrime case and write a short paragraph (80–100 words) summarising what happened and how it was resolved.
- Record a 1-minute voice note giving three pieces of advice for staying safe online.
- Design a one-page poster warning students about one type of cybercrime, including a slogan and three safety tips.
- Interview a family member about whether they have ever received a scam message, and write a 100-word paragraph about what happened and what they learned.
A4 · yazdırılabilir
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