landmark
noun/ˈlændmɑːrk/
simge yapı, önemli yerThe old clock tower is a well-known landmark in the city centre.
+ a famous landmark
THEME 711. SınıfB1.311 ders saati
Facts about Türkiye
Talking about landmarks and monuments · Describing cities and historic sites · Asking for and giving more detailed information
Bu yıl önceki program işleniyor. Resmî 2026–2027 yıllık planına göre normal 11. sınıfta bu yıl önceki program (Yıldırım Yayınları ders kitabı, 10 tema) işleniyor. TYMM'in gelecek yıllar için öngördüğü 8 temalı çerçeve (Spice 11 — Maarif Modeli serisi), bu sınıf TYMM'e geçtiğinde kullanılmak üzere ayrıca saklanmaktadır.
Başlamadan önce
What Will I Learn?
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bu temada neyi öğreneceğini oku.
- Aşağıdaki 8 adımı sırayla takip et; üstteki sekmelerden de geçebilirsin.
- Her adımın sonunda “Bu adımı tamamladım”a bas.
- İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
This theme explores well-known facts and landmarks of Türkiye — historic sites, monuments, and natural wonders — through the passive voice, which is the natural structure for describing what is built, discovered, visited, and preserved.
Konular
- Talking about landmarks and monuments
- Describing cities and historic sites
- Asking for and giving more detailed information
Dil yapıları
- The Passive (Present Simple, Past Simple, Present/Past Continuous, Future, modals)
Anlayabileceğim
- I can understand a description of a famous Turkish landmark or monument
- I can understand facts about when and by whom a historic site was built
- I can understand a guide explaining rules and information at a historic site
- I can understand a text describing how a natural wonder was formed
- I can understand spoken facts presented in the passive voice
- I can understand a text comparing two historic places
- I can understand information about UNESCO World Heritage sites in Türkiye
Söyleyebileceğim
- I can describe a famous landmark using the passive voice
- I can ask for more detailed information about a place
- I can explain when and how a monument was built
- I can talk about what is done to protect a historic site today
- I can describe a city's history using passive forms
- I can give a short spoken presentation about a Turkish landmark
Yazabileceğim
- I can write a short text describing a landmark using the passive voice
- I can write factual sentences about a historic site's construction and history
- I can write a short guide entry giving detailed information about a place
- I can write a comparison of two historic or natural sites
Çalışma yolu
Adım 1 / 8
Vocabulary
24 hedef kelime
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Her kartta kelimeyi oku, hoparlör düğmesiyle dinle.
- Örnek cümleyi yüksek sesle tekrar et.
- “Anlamları gizle” ile kendini test et; anlamı görmek için üstüne dokun.
- Bilmediğin kelimeleri defterine yaz.
monument
noun/ˈmɒnjumənt/
anıtThe monument was built to honour the soldiers who died in the war.
+ build a monument
ancient
adjective/ˈeɪnʃənt/
antik, eskiVisitors are amazed by the ancient walls that still surround the old city.
+ an ancient city
civilisation
noun/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
medeniyetSeveral civilisations have left their mark on this region over the centuries.
+ an ancient civilisation
site
noun/saɪt/
yer, alanThe archaeological site is protected by law and cannot be built on.
+ a historic site
ruins
noun/ˈruːɪnz/
kalıntılar, harabelerThe ruins of the old theatre attract thousands of tourists every year.
+ ancient ruins
heritage
noun/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/
mirasThe site was added to the list of world heritage in the 1980s.
+ cultural heritage
preserve
verb/prɪˈzɜːrv/
korumakSpecial teams work to preserve the ancient mosaics from damage.
+ preserve a monument
restore
verb/rɪˈstɔːr/
restore etmek, onarmakThe palace has been restored several times over the past century.
+ restore a building
construct
verb/kənˈstrʌkt/
inşa etmekThe bridge was constructed using stone brought from a nearby quarry.
+ construct a building
architect
noun/ˈɑːrkɪtekt/
mimarThe mosque was designed by a famous architect of the period.
+ a talented architect
discover
verb/dɪˈskʌvər/
keşfetmekThe underground city was discovered by accident in the 1960s.
+ discover a site
excavate
verb/ˈekskəveɪt/
kazı yapmakArchaeologists have been excavating the area for over twenty years.
+ excavate a site
inscription
noun/ɪnˈskrɪpʃn/
kitabe, yazıtAn old inscription on the wall describes the founding of the city.
+ a stone inscription
dome
noun/doʊm/
kubbeThe huge dome can be seen from almost every part of the old city.
+ a huge dome
fortress
noun/ˈfɔːrtrəs/
kaleThe fortress was used to defend the coast from sea attacks.
+ a hilltop fortress
formation
noun/fɔːrˈmeɪʃn/
oluşumThe unusual rock formations were shaped by wind and rain over millions of years.
+ a rock formation
erosion
noun/ɪˈroʊʒn/
erozyon, aşınmaThe strange shapes of the valley were created by centuries of erosion.
+ natural erosion
attraction
noun/əˈtrækʃn/
cazibe merkeziThe underground city has become one of the region's biggest attractions.
+ a tourist attraction
founded
adjective/verb/ˈfaʊndɪd/
kurulmuşThe city was founded more than two thousand years ago.
+ founded in + year
settlement
noun/ˈsetlmənt/
yerleşimArchaeologists believe this was one of the earliest human settlements in the area.
+ an early settlement
carve
verb/kɑːrv/
oymakRooms and churches were carved directly into the soft volcanic rock.
+ carve into rock
landscape
noun/ˈlændskeɪp/
manzara, peyzajThe unusual landscape draws hot air balloon visitors from all over the world.
+ a dramatic landscape
authentic
adjective/ɔːˈθentɪk/
otantik, gerçekVisitors say the old town still feels authentic and untouched by modern life.
+ an authentic experience
Adım 2 / 8
Play
Kelimeleri oyunla pekiştir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Bir oyun seç ve Başla’ya bas.
- Her cevaptan sonra hemen doğru/yanlış görürsün.
- Sonunda tekrar etmen gereken kelimeler listelenir.
- %70 ve üzeri alınca bu adım tamamlanır.
Öğretmenler: her oyunun sınıfta oynanacak kart sürümü öğretmen sayfasında.
Adım 3 / 8
Grammar
Kuralı ezberleme; örneklerden kendin keşfet.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Notice: Örnek cümlelerdeki renkli kısımlara bak.
- Discover: Kuralı tamamla, ipuçlarıyla cümle kur, sonra kendi cümlelerini yaz.
- Rule ve Form tablosunu oku; sık yapılan hatalara dikkat et.
- Practice: Soruları cevapla, “Kontrol et”e bas.
The Passive Voice (Present Simple, Past Simple, Present/Past Continuous, Future, and Modals)
1 · Notice
- The old fortress is visited by thousands of tourists every year.
- The underground city was discovered in the 1960s.
- The monument is being restored at the moment.
- New information boards will be added next year.
- This site must be protected for future generations.
What do you notice about the position of the subject and the verb 'be' + past participle in each sentence?
2 · Discover
A Complete the rule
Complete each sentence with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
is builtwas foundedis being repairedwill be openedmust be preservedhas been visited
Great work — you're spotting exactly which tense the passive needs!
B Build sentences
Use the cues to build a full passive sentence, as in the example.
- mosque build 16th century
✓ The mosque was built in the 16th century.
- palace visit every day
Model answer
The palace is visited every day.
- ruins discover by a farmer 1950
Model answer
The ruins were discovered by a farmer in 1950.
- walls currently restore
Model answer
The walls are currently being restored.
- new museum open next year
Model answer
A new museum will be opened next year.
- this area should / protect
Model answer
This area should be protected.
- towers build during the siege
Model answer
The towers were being built during the siege.
C Your turn
Write 2-3 original sentences about a real Turkish landmark using different passive tenses (past, present, and one with a modal or future form).
The site was ...Today, it is ...It must / should be ...
Rule
The passive voice is formed with the correct tense of the verb 'be' + the past participle of the main verb. We use it when the action itself, or the thing the action happens to, is more important than who performs it. The form changes according to tense: present simple (is/are + p.p.), past simple (was/were + p.p.), present continuous (is/are being + p.p.), past continuous (was/were being + p.p.), future simple (will be + p.p.), and with modals (modal + be + p.p.).
TREdilgen çatı (passive voice), doğru zamandaki 'be' fiili + ana fiilin geçmiş zaman ortacı (past participle) ile oluşturulur. Eylemi kimin yaptığından çok, eylemin kendisi veya eylemin yapıldığı şey önemliyse kullanılır. Zamana göre biçimi değişir: geniş zaman (is/are + p.p.), geçmiş zaman (was/were + p.p.), şimdiki zamanın sürekli hali (is/are being + p.p.), geçmiş zamanın sürekli hali (was/were being + p.p.), gelecek zaman (will be + p.p.) ve kiplerle birlikte (modal + be + p.p.).
When?
We use the passive voice when describing historic facts (who built something is unknown or unimportant), when talking about processes happening to a place now (restoration, repair), when describing future plans for a site, and when giving rules or recommendations about protecting a place.
TREdilgen çatıyı; tarihi bir gerçeği anlatırken (bir şeyi kimin yaptığı bilinmiyorsa veya önemli değilse), bir yere şu anda uygulanan bir süreçten (restorasyon, onarım) bahsederken, bir yer için gelecek planlarından söz ederken ve bir yeri korumaya dair kural ya da tavsiye verirken kullanırız.
3 · Form
Positive
- The castle is built on a hill. (present simple)
- The temple was built in ancient times. (past simple)
- The road is being repaired this week. (present continuous)
- The site was being excavated when the war began. (past continuous)
- A new sign will be placed at the entrance. (future simple)
- This monument must be respected by all visitors. (modal)
Negative
- The museum is not opened on Mondays.
- The gate was not damaged during the storm.
- The hall is not being used at the moment.
- The statue will not be moved to another city.
- Photographs must not be taken inside the tomb.
Question
- Is the palace visited by many tourists?
- Was the bridge built by local engineers?
- Is the site currently being restored?
- Will the exhibition be opened next month?
- Should this area be protected?
Short answers
- Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
- Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
- Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
- Yes, it will. / No, it won't.
- Yes, it should. / No, it shouldn't.
Mistakes
- The castle built in the 14th century.The castle was built in the 14th century.
The auxiliary verb 'be' must not be left out of the passive form.
TREdilgen yapıda 'be' yardımcı fiili asla atlanmamalıdır.
- The museum is visit by many people.The museum is visited by many people.
The main verb must be in the past participle form, not the base form.
TRAna fiil, yalın hâlde değil, geçmiş zaman ortacı (past participle) hâlinde olmalıdır.
- The ruins were discover last year.The ruins were discovered last year.
The past participle of regular verbs needs the -ed ending.
TRDüzenli fiillerin past participle hâli -ed ekini almalıdır.
- This area must protected.This area must be protected.
A modal verb needs 'be' before the past participle in the passive.
TRModal fiilden sonra edilgen yapıda mutlaka 'be' gelmelidir.
Compare
| Active Voice | Passive Voice | |
|---|---|---|
| Focus on the doer | Workers built the tower in 1348.Focus is on 'workers'. | The tower was built in 1348.Focus is on 'the tower', not who built it. |
| Unknown agent | Someone discovered the cave in the 1980s.'Someone' is vague and unnecessary. | The cave was discovered in the 1980s.The agent is simply left out. |
| Process now | Engineers are restoring the mosaics.Focus is on the engineers. | The mosaics are being restored.Focus is on the mosaics themselves. |
4 · Practice
Challenge
Adım 4 / 8
Reading
Özgün metin ve anlama soruları.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Başlığa bakıp tahmin et.
- Metni önce hızlıca, sonra dikkatle oku.
- While: Soruları cevapla ve kontrol et.
- After: Konuşma sorularını düşün ya da yaz.
1 Before reading
- Have you ever heard of a city built entirely underground?
- What do you think life might have been like living below the surface?
An Underground City
In the region of Cappadocia, in central Türkiye, several underground cities can be found carved into the soft volcanic rock. One of the largest of these was discovered almost by accident in 1963, when a local resident knocked down a wall in his house and found a hidden tunnel behind it. Since then, many chambers, corridors and rooms have been uncovered by archaeologists.
It is believed that the underground city was first used thousands of years ago as a place of shelter. Over time, rooms were carved deeper and deeper into the rock, and the settlement was gradually expanded until it could hold thousands of people along with their animals and food supplies. Stables, kitchens, storage rooms and even small churches were built several levels below the ground.
Large round stones were used as doors, and these could be rolled across the entrances from the inside to block invaders. Fresh air was supplied through a clever system of ventilation shafts that also reached the surface, and wells were dug to provide clean water even during long periods underground.
Today, only a small part of the underground city is open to visitors, since new tunnels and rooms are still being explored. It has become one of the most popular attractions in the region, and it is visited by travellers from all over the world who want to see how people once lived beneath the earth.
234 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- Would you like to visit an underground city like this? Why or why not?
- What other reasons might people have had for building homes underground?
1 Before reading
- Do you know of any famous cities built on water or beside a strait?
- What difficulties do you think a city built between two seas might have?
A City Built on Water
Istanbul is one of the few cities in the world that is built on two continents, with the Bosphorus strait dividing its European and Asian sides. For thousands of years, the city has been ruled by different empires, and each civilisation has left behind its own buildings, walls and monuments.
The old city walls, parts of which can still be seen today, were originally constructed to protect the city from land and sea attacks. Massive gates were built into the walls, and guards were once stationed at each one to check everyone entering the city. Although much of the wall has been damaged over the centuries, sections of it have been carefully restored so that visitors can imagine how strong the defences once were.
One of the city's most famous buildings began its life as a church, was later converted into a mosque, and for many years was used as a museum before being reopened as a mosque again. Its enormous dome, which amazed visitors when it was completed, is still considered an outstanding achievement of engineering.
Today, bridges and tunnels connect the two sides of the city, and thousands of commuters cross the strait every single day. Ferries are still used by many people, partly because they are convenient and partly because the crossing offers wonderful views of the city's skyline. New museums and cultural centres are being opened all the time, which shows that this ancient city continues to change while its history is carefully preserved.
248 kelime · yaklaşık 2 dk
2 While reading
3 After reading
- What do you think makes a city special when it is built between two continents?
- Which parts of a city's history do you think are most important to preserve?
Adım 5 / 8
Listening
Dinle, anla, transkriptle kontrol et.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Before: Ne duyacağını tahmin et.
- Kaydı dinle; transkripti kapalı tut.
- Soruları cevapla, kontrol et.
- Son olarak transkriptle kontrol et ve tekrar dinle.
A Guided Tour of a Historic Site
1 Before listening
- What questions would you ask a guide during a tour of a historic site?
- What kind of information do tour guides usually give visitors?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
GuideWelcome, everyone! This fortress was originally built in the fifteenth century to protect the harbour below.
VisitorThat's amazing. Was it ever attacked?
GuideYes, it was attacked several times, but it was never fully captured because of its strong walls.
VisitorHow many towers does it have?
GuideThere are twelve towers in total, and three of them have recently been restored.
VisitorCan we go up to the top tower?
GuideUnfortunately not today — the top tower is currently being repaired, so it's closed to visitors.
VisitorThat's a shame. Is anything else being done to improve the site?
GuideYes, a new visitor centre will be opened here next year, with more information about the fortress's history.
VisitorSounds great. One more question — is photography allowed inside?
GuidePhotography is allowed everywhere except inside the old chapel, where it's not permitted.
3 After listening
- What other questions would you like to ask the guide?
- Which detail about the fortress did you find most interesting?
The Story of a Natural Wonder
1 Before listening
- Can you think of a place where unusual rock or land shapes were formed naturally?
- How do you think such shapes might be created over time?
0:00
2 While listening
Transkripti göster
NarratorThis valley is famous for its unusual, cone-shaped rock formations, which are often called 'fairy chimneys' by visitors.
NarratorThe formations were created over millions of years by volcanic eruptions, which covered the whole area in soft ash and rock.
NarratorLater, this soft rock was shaped by wind and rain, and a harder layer of stone on top protected the columns underneath from being worn away completely.
NarratorAs a result, tall, cone-shaped towers were left standing, some of them more than thirty metres high.
NarratorToday, the valley is visited by thousands of tourists every year, and hot air balloon rides are offered so that visitors can see the strange landscape from above.
NarratorNew paths and viewing points have been added recently, but the natural formations themselves are strictly protected and must not be damaged.
3 After listening
- Would you like to see a landscape like this in person? Why or why not?
- What rules do you think are important for protecting natural wonders?
Adım 6 / 8
Use English
Öğrendiklerini konuşarak ve yazarak kullan.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Useful language kutusundaki kalıpları oku.
- Konuşma görevini bir arkadaşınla yap ya da kendini kaydet.
- Yazma planını izleyerek taslağını yaz.
- Kontrol listesi ile yazını gözden geçir.
Describe a Landmark
Choose a real or imaginary Turkish landmark. Describe it to your partner using at least four passive voice sentences (when it was built, what it is used for, how it is protected, and any future plans).
Useful language
It was built in...It is visited by...It is currently being...It will be...It must be protected because...
Adımlar
- Choose a landmark and note down four to five key facts.
- Turn each fact into a passive voice sentence.
- Take turns describing your landmark to your partner.
- Your partner listens and asks one follow-up question for more detail.
DestekGive weaker students a short list of facts already written out so they only need to change them into the passive voice.
HedefStudents describe their landmark from memory using their notes as a guide.
İleriStronger students add a comparison to another landmark and use at least one modal passive form.
Ask for More Detailed Information
One student plays a tour guide describing a historic site; the others ask follow-up questions to get more detailed information, such as dates, numbers, or future plans.
Useful language
Could you tell me more about...?What exactly is being done to...?When was it...?How many...are there?Is anything planned for...?
Adımlar
- The 'guide' prepares three or four basic facts about a site.
- The guide gives a short introduction to the group.
- The other students ask at least three follow-up questions.
- The guide answers using the passive voice where possible.
- Switch roles so everyone has a turn as the guide.
DestekProvide a list of question starters for students who need help forming follow-up questions.
HedefGroups complete the full role-play with each member taking a turn as guide.
İleriStronger students ask about hypothetical future plans and challenge the guide with an unexpected question.
Describe a Historic Site
Write a short factual text about a real or imaginary historic site in Türkiye. Include when it was built, what it is used for today, and how it is being protected or restored.
Plan
- List the key facts you want to include.
- Decide which tense each fact needs (past, present, future, or modal).
- Organise the facts into a logical order: history, present, future/protection.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
landmarkmonumentancientrestorepreserveattraction... was built in ...It is visited by ...It is currently being ...It must be protected because ...
Kontrol listesi
Compare Two Sites
Write a short comparison of two historic or natural sites in Türkiye, using the passive voice to describe how each was built, discovered, or formed, and how each is treated today.
Plan
- Choose two sites and note two or three facts about each.
- Group facts by category: origin, present use, protection.
- Use linking words to compare and contrast the two sites.
Kullanabileceğin kelime ve kalıplar
formationcivilisationheritageexcavatesettlementauthenticBoth sites were ...While one is ..., the other is ......, whereas ...Unlike ..., ... is being ...
Kontrol listesi
Adım 7 / 8
Review
Kısa kontroller; yanlışlar seni ilgili bölüme yönlendirir.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Kısa soruları cevapla.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Yanlışın varsa önerilen bölüme dön, tekrar et.
- Sonra tema testine geç.
Adım 8 / 8
Theme Test
Temanın tüm becerilerinden sorular.
Nasıl çalışılır?
- Tüm soruları cevapla; acele etme.
- Kontrol et’e bas.
- Sonuç ekranı hangi beceride hata yaptığını gösterir.
- %60 ve üzeri alınca tema tamamlanır.
Tema sonu
My Progress
İlerlemen bu tarayıcıda saklanır; hesap gerekmez.
0 XP
Adımlar
- Vocabulary—
- Play—
- Grammar—
- Reading—
- Listening—
- Use English—
- Review—
- Theme Test—
I can…
Ödev — seviyeni seç
Destek
- Write four sentences about a landmark using the passive voice, choosing the correct verb from a given list.
- Match 8 vocabulary words from this theme to their Turkish meanings.
- Complete five gap-fill sentences using 'was built', 'is visited', or 'will be opened'.
- Read one short paragraph about a landmark and answer three true/false questions.
Standart
- Write a short paragraph (100-120 words) describing a real Turkish landmark using at least five passive sentences.
- Choose 10 vocabulary words from this theme and write an original sentence for each.
- Complete eight passive voice practice sentences covering different tenses and one modal.
- Prepare three follow-up questions you could ask a guide about a historic site.
İleri
- Write a 150-180 word comparison of two historic or natural sites in Türkiye using a range of passive tenses.
- Research (using only general knowledge, not copying any source) one UNESCO site in Türkiye and write five original facts about it in the passive voice.
- Write a short guide script (as if for tourists) introducing a landmark, including at least two modal passive sentences.
- Create your own set of five passive voice practice questions for a classmate to answer.
A4 · yazdırılabilir
Download This Theme
PDF’ler hazır oldukça buradan indirilebilir.
Bu tema işine yaradı mı?
Tek dokunuşla değerlendir; istersen fikrini sonra değiştirebilirsin.
0 görüntülenme 0 indirme