B1 · Pre-Intermediate · Ünite 10 / 10

🌍 Global Challenges

Gramer: 3rd Conditional + Wish / If Only (pişmanlık ve dilek)

Küresel sorunlar temasıyla geçmişte gerçekleşmemiş durumları (If + had + V3, would have + V3) ve geçmiş pişmanlıkları I wish / If only ile anlatmayı öğreniyorsun.

📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi

📄PDF indir yazdırılabilir · cevap anahtarlı 📝Word indir düzenlenebilir .docx

🎯 Bu ünitede neler öğreneceksin?

📚
Kelime
10 kelime ve kalıp — If only we had acted sooner · I wish I had studied harder · If + PP (had+V3), would have + V3 …
📐
Gramer
3rd Conditional + Wish / If Only (pişmanlık ve dilek)
📖
Okuma
“Too Little, Too Late?” metni ve 4 anlama sorusu
✍️
Yazma
Pişmanlık ve dilek · Küresel sorun

İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma

Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Global Challenges

Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.

#	Kelime / Kalıp	Türkçe açıklama
1	If only we had acted sooner!	Keşke daha önce harekete geçseydik! (güçlü pişmanlık)
2	I wish I had studied harder.	Keşke daha çok çalışmış olsaydım. (geçmiş pişmanlık)
3	If + PP (had+V3), would have + V3	3. Koşul — geçmişte olmayan hayali durum
4	climate tipping point	İklim eşiği — geri dönüşsüz nokta
5	carbon neutral	Karbon nötr — sıfır net emisyon
6	sustainable development	Sürdürülebilir kalkınma — geleceği düşünen büyüme
7	inequality / wealth gap	Eşitsizlik / servet uçurumu
8	grassroots movement	Tabandan gelen hareket — sivil toplum
9	pledge / commitment	Söz vermek, taahhüt — resmi bağlılık
10	legacy	Miras — gelecek nesillere bırakılan

💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.

Third Conditional & Geçmiş Dilekler

Third Conditional geçmişte gerçekleşmemiş durumları ve onların sonuçlarını anlatır. "Eğer onu görseydin ne olurdu?" — artık geriye dönüş yok. I wish + Past Perfect ise geçmişe duyulan pişmanlığı anlatır.

📌 Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect → would have + V3

If clause	Main clause	Örnek
If + had + V3	would have + V3	If I had studied, I would have passed.
If + had + V3	could/might have + V3	If you had called, I could have helped.

📌 Geçmiş dilekler: I wish + had + V3

Yapı	Anlam	Örnek
I wish + had + V3	Geçmişteki pişmanlık	I wish I had studied harder. (ama çalışmadım)
I wish + hadn't + V3	Yaptığına pişmanlık	I wish I hadn't said that. (söyledim, üzgünüm)
If only + had + V3	Güçlü pişmanlık	If only I had listened!

🔀

DON'T CONFUSE — 3 tip wish

Şimdiki pişmanlık → wish + Past Simple:
"I wish I knew the answer." (şu an bilmiyorum)

Geçmişteki pişmanlık → wish + Past Perfect:
"I wish I had known the answer." (o zaman bilmiyordum)

Davranış değişikliği isteği → wish + would:
"I wish he would stop talking." (şu an sinirleniyorum)

📘 Bu konuyu Visual Grammar serisinde detaylı çalış → ›

📄

Too Little, Too Late?

sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.

In 2015, world leaders gathered in Paris and signed what they called a historic agreement: to keep global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and to try to limit it to 1.5 degrees. They pledged action. They made commitments. They gave speeches.

Climate scientists had been warning about global warming for decades. Many of them argue that if governments had listened thirty years ago, we would have avoided much of the damage we are seeing today. If only the political will had existed in 1990, this would have been a very different story.

Researchers who have studied company documents have shown that parts of the fossil fuel industry spent decades sowing doubt about climate science. If that disinformation campaign had not been so effective, public pressure for change would have mounted far earlier.

But there is cause for cautious hope. Grassroots movements — led largely by young people — have changed the political landscape. Many young activists believe that if they hadn't started marching in 2018, governments would never have taken this seriously.

Many now ask: if we had known fifty years ago what we know today, would we have done anything differently? Perhaps. But the more important question is: knowing what we know now — what will we do next?

I wish we had started earlier. I wish governments had listened. If only the world had acted as urgently as the science demanded. But we are here now. And the choices we make today will become tomorrow's "if only."

📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları

1What did world leaders agree in Paris in 2015?

To keep global warming well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to try to limit it to 1.5 °C.

2What do many climate scientists argue about the past?

That if governments had listened thirty years ago, much of today's damage would have been avoided.

3What is the 'more important question' at the end of the text?

Knowing what we know now — what will we do next?

4Find one 3rd conditional and one 'if only / I wish' structure. Explain what each expresses.

3rd conditional: 'if governments had listened..., we would have avoided...' (imaginary past) / 'I wish we had started earlier.' (regret about the past)

Alıştırmalar: Third Conditional ve Wish / If only

0Doğru

0Yanlış

0XP

0%Başarı

1If we ___ sooner, we wouldn't have had this problem.

2If she had studied harder, she ___ the exam.

3I wish I ___ harder when I was at university.

4If only they ___ to the scientists thirty years ago!

5He wishes he ___ a doctor now. (şimdiki hayali dilek)

6If they hadn't destroyed the rainforests, there ___ more biodiversity today.

7We wouldn't have this crisis ___ we had acted earlier.

8She ___ famous if she had continued singing.

9I wish the government ___ more about climate change now.

10If I had known, I ___ differently.

11___ only we had more time to fix this!

12He wishes he ___ that hurtful thing to her.

13If the agreement ___ signed in 1990, the situation might be very different.

14We could have solved this if we ___ together.

15I wish I ___ to that concert — it was incredible!

✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.

1Pişmanlık ve dilek

Write 3 sentences: 1-) I wish + Past Perfect (one past regret about the world) 2-) If only + Past Perfect (a stronger wish) 3-) One full 3rd conditional about a global issue

0 kelime

I wish I had studied harder during my first year at secondary school. If only I had spent less time on social media and more time reading. If governments around the world had invested more in renewable energy twenty years ago, we would not be facing such a catastrophic climate crisis today.

2Küresel sorun

Choose one global problem (climate change, inequality, pandemic preparedness, etc.). Write 4–5 sentences: What should have been done differently? Use: 'If + had + V3, would have + V3'

0 kelime

If the world had acted seriously on climate warnings in the 1990s, we would not be facing this emergency now. Many species would not have become extinct if we had protected their habitats in time. If only world leaders had listened to climate scientists earlier — the situation today would look very different.