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B1 · Pre-Intermediate · Ünite 4 / 10

🧠 Learning & Memory

Gramer: used to + Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing)

Öğrenme ve hafıza temasıyla artık olmayan geçmiş alışkanlıkları (used to) ve geçmişte süren eylemleri (was / were + V-ing) öğreniyorsun.

📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi
📄PDF indir yazdırılabilir · cevap anahtarlı 📝Word indir düzenlenebilir .docx

🎯 Bu ünitede neler öğreneceksin?

İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma

Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Learning & Memory

Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.
#Kelime / KalıpTürkçe açıklama
1used to + V1Eskiden ...rdım — artık değil (geçmiş alışkanlık/durum)
2spaced repetitionAralıklı tekrar — bilimi destekleyen öğrenme tekniği
3the forgetting curveUnutma eğrisi — Ebbinghaus'un keşfi
4active recallAktif hatırlama — kitabı kapatıp hatırlamaya çalışmak
5I was studying when......dığımda ders çalışıyordum (past continuous)
6While she was reading, the phone rang.O okurken telefon çaldı. (arka plan + ani olay)
7crammingSon anda yoğun çalışmak (etkisiz yöntem)
8interleavingFarklı konuları karıştırarak öğrenmek (etkili yöntem)
9retrieval practiceHatırlama pratiği — sınav yapmak
10growth mindsetGelişim zihniyeti — Dweck'in teorisi
💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.

Past Continuous & used to

İki yapı da geçmişle ilgilidir ama farklı amaçlarla kullanılır. Past Continuous geçmişte devam eden bir eylemi, used to ise artık olmayan geçmiş alışkanlıkları anlatır.

📌 Past Continuous — was/were + V-ing

YapıNe zaman?Örnek
was/were + V-ingGeçmişte süren eylemShe was studying when I called.
while + was/were + V-ingİki eş zamanlı eylemWhile I was cooking, he was reading.
when + Simple PastDevam ederken başka şey olduI was walking when it started to rain.

📌 used to — Geçmiş alışkanlıklar

YapıAnlamÖrnek
used to + V1Artık olmayan alışkanlıkI used to walk to school. (artık etmiyorum)
didn't use to + V1Eskiden yapmıyordumShe didn't use to like coffee.
Did ... use to + V1?SoruDid you use to play football?
🔀
DON'T CONFUSE — used to vs would
used to → hem alışkanlık hem durum:
"I used to live in Izmir." (durum — artık orada değilim)
"I used to play tennis." (alışkanlık)

would → sadece geçmiş alışkanlıklar (durum için kullanılmaz!):
✅ "When I was young, I would play football every day."
❌ "I would live in Izmir." → would durum için kullanılmaz!
Past Continuous — hikaye anlatımı
It was raining when she left.
While he was sleeping, the phone rang.
I was making tea when the lights went out.
used to — geçmiş vs şimdi
I used to hate vegetables. (şimdi seviyorum)
She didn't use to wear glasses.
People used to travel by horse. (artık değil)
📘 Bu konuyu Visual Grammar serisinde detaylı çalış → ›
📄

The Forgetting Curve

sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.

In 1885, German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus made a disturbing discovery. He was studying his own memory — testing himself with lists of nonsense syllables — when he noticed a worrying pattern.

Without review, he was forgetting more than half of new material within one hour. Within 24 hours, about two-thirds was gone. He called this the "forgetting curve."

Many students today still make the same mistakes Ebbinghaus documented. They used to believe — and many still do — that rereading notes is effective. Research suggests this is not very effective. When students were rereading their notes in studies, they were creating an illusion of knowledge, not genuine learning.

The most effective technique is active recall: closing your book and testing yourself. When psychologists Henry Roediger and Jeffrey Karpicke were studying this technique in 2006, they found that students who tested themselves remembered about 56% of a text one week later — compared with 42% for students who simply reread it.

Students used to spend hours highlighting and rereading. Now, the evidence is clear: spaced repetition and retrieval practice — not cramming — are the foundations of lasting memory.

📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları

1What was Ebbinghaus doing when he noticed the forgetting curve?

He was studying his own memory, testing himself with lists of nonsense syllables.

2How much of the new material had Ebbinghaus forgotten after 24 hours?

About two-thirds.

3What mistake do many students still make according to the text?

They believe rereading notes is effective, but it creates only an illusion of knowledge.

4What is active recall and how effective was it in the 2006 study?

Closing your book and testing yourself — after one week, students who tested themselves remembered about 56% of a text, compared with 42% for rereading.

Alıştırmalar: used to ve Past Continuous

0Doğru
0Yanlış
0XP
0%Başarı
1I ___ study all night. Now I go to bed at 10.
2She ___ wear glasses as a child. Now her vision is perfect.
3___ you use to live near the school?
4We ___ use to have smartphones — it's hard to imagine now!
5While I ___ for my exam, the fire alarm went off.
6I ___ my phone when she knocked on the door.
7What ___ you doing when the earthquake happened?
8While she was cooking, she ___ herself on the hot pan.
9He ___ play football every day after school.
10They ___ live in Ankara, but now they're in Istanbul.
11It ___ snow a lot here, but climate change has reduced snowfall.
12While they ___ the presentation, the projector crashed.
13I ___ know how to cook anything when I was a student!
14She ___ her keys while she ___ for the bus.
15My grandmother ___ tell us stories every evening.
✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.

1Geçmiş alışkanlıklar

Write 4–5 sentences about how your study habits or daily routines have changed. Use 'used to', 'didn't use to', and Past Continuous. Start: I used to... but now... / When I was younger, I was always...
0 kelime
I used to study alone, but now I much prefer studying in groups. When I was younger, I was always forgetting my homework at home. I didn't use to enjoy reading novels, but now I read every night before bed. I was studying late one evening when I discovered the Pomodoro technique — it changed everything.

2Öğrenme yöntemi

What is your most effective study technique? When did you discover it? Were you using a different method before? Write 5 sentences.
0 kelime
My most effective study technique is the Pomodoro method: 25 minutes of focused work, then a 5-minute break. I discovered it last year when I was struggling with my exams. Before that, I was studying for hours without breaks — it used to be absolutely exhausting. Now I feel much more productive.

B1 İngilizce — tüm üniteler

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