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B1 · Pre-Intermediate · Ünite 5 / 10

🤝 Relationships & Society

Gramer: Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + V-ing)

İlişkiler ve toplum temasıyla geçmişte başlayıp hâlâ süren eylemleri have / has been + V-ing ile anlatmayı ve Present Perfect'ten farkını öğreniyorsun.

📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi
📄PDF indir yazdırılabilir · cevap anahtarlı 📝Word indir düzenlenebilir .docx

🎯 Bu ünitede neler öğreneceksin?

İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma

Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Relationships & Society

Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.
#Kelime / KalıpTürkçe açıklama
1get on well withİyi geçinmek, anlaşmak (kişiyle)
2fall out with someoneBiriyle kavga edip bozuşmak
3make up (with someone)Barışmak, aralarını düzeltmek
4look up to someoneBirine hayranlık duymak, onu örnek almak
5let someone downBirini hayal kırıklığına uğratmak
6keep in touch (with)İletişimde kalmak
7She has been working here for 5 years.Burada 5 yıldır çalışıyor. (PPC)
8How long have you been waiting?Ne zamandır bekliyorsunuz? (PPC soru)
9loneliness epidemicYalnızlık salgını — modern toplumun sorunu
10social capitalSosyal sermaye — bağlantı ve güven ağı
💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.

Present Perfect Continuous

have/has been + V-ing — Geçmişte başlayan ve hâlâ devam eden eylemleri anlatır. Genellikle "ne kadar zamandır?" sorusunu yanıtlar. Türkçe'deki "-ıyor" ile "-dır" eklerinin birleşimine benzer: "Üç saattir çalışıyorum."

📌 Yapı: have/has been + V-ing

ÖzneYapıÖrnekTürkçesi
I/You/We/Theyhave been + V-ingI have been studying for 3 hours.3 saattir çalışıyorum.
He/She/Ithas been + V-ingShe has been working since morning.Sabahtan beri çalışıyor.
Olumsuzhaven't/hasn't been + V-ingI haven't been sleeping well.İyi uyuyamıyorum.
SoruHow long have/has + V-ing?How long have you been waiting?Ne zamandır bekliyorsun?
🔀
DON'T CONFUSE — Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect → tamamlanan eylem, sonuç önemli:
"I have written three emails." (3 e-posta yazdım — tamamlandı, sayı önemli)

Present Perfect Continuous → devam eden süreç:
"I have been writing emails all morning." (sabahtan beri yazıyorum — süreç önemli)

Kural: sonuç mu? → Perfect. Süreç/devamlılık mı? → Continuous.
🚨
IMPORTANT — Stative verbs continuous almaz!
know, believe, love, hate, want, understand gibi "durum bildiren" fiiller
continuous formda kullanılmaz:
❌ I have been knowing her for years.
✅ I have known her for years.
❌ She has been wanting to leave.
✅ She has wanted to leave.
📘 Bu konuyu Visual Grammar serisinde detaylı çalış → ›
📄

The Loneliness Epidemic

sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.

In 2023, the United States Surgeon General issued an extraordinary warning: loneliness has become a public health crisis. The data has been building for years: according to the report, about half of American adults experience measurable levels of loneliness.

Researchers have been studying a paradox: how can a generation that has been communicating with hundreds of "friends" online feel so lonely?

The answer appears to lie in the difference between connection and communication. Social media enables communication — I've been posting, you have been liking, we have been scrolling — but genuine connection requires vulnerability, shared experience, and time. These are things screens cannot provide.

Young people have been spending much less time with friends: the report says that people aged 15–24 had 70% less social interaction with their friends than two decades earlier. Some writers have been calling this "the friendship recession."

Some communities have been developing creative solutions: phone-free cafés, community gardens, walking clubs and volunteer groups.

The evidence is clear: humans need face-to-face connection. How long have we been ignoring this?

📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları

1What did the US Surgeon General warn about in 2023?

That loneliness has become a public health crisis.

2How much less social interaction with friends did people aged 15–24 have, according to the report?

70% less than two decades earlier.

3What is 'the friendship recession'?

A name some writers use for the fall in the time people — especially young people — spend with friends.

4Find 4 Present Perfect Continuous verbs in the text and explain why PPC is used.

e.g. has been building (ongoing process), have been studying (started + still happening), have been reporting (continuing trend)

Alıştırmalar: Present Perfect Continuous

0Doğru
0Yanlış
0XP
0%Başarı
1She ___ English for three years. (PPC — hâlâ devam ediyor)
2How long ___ you been waiting?
3They ___ here since 2019.
4I ___ all day. I'm absolutely exhausted.
5She ___ her keys. (PP — tamamlandı, hâlâ kayıp)
6He ___ here ___ ten years.
7___ long have they been together?
8I ___ (know) him since we were children. (state verb!)
9We ___ about this problem since the morning.
10She's tired because she ___ all night.
11Scientists ___ this issue for decades now.
12The kids ___ outside since this morning.
13I ___ for an hour now — where is he?
14I ___ three emails this morning. (bitti — sonuç önemli)
15How long ___ she ___ Turkish?
✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.

1PPC cümle yazma

Write 4 sentences about yourself using Present Perfect Continuous. Use: for, since, How long have you been...? Example: I've been living in ___ for ___ years. / I've been studying ___ since ___. / How long have you been...?
0 kelime
I've been living in Ankara for fifteen years and I love this city. I've been studying English since I was eight years old. I've been learning to play the guitar for six months now. I've been preparing for my Cambridge exam for the past three weeks.

2İlişkiler ve yalnızlık

Do you agree that people today are lonelier than past generations? Write 5 sentences. Use PPC where appropriate. (e.g. 'People have been spending more time online...')
0 kelime
I agree that people today are lonelier than previous generations, despite being more connected. People have been spending more and more time on their phones instead of meeting friends in person. Social media has gradually been replacing real, meaningful relationships. We have been slowly losing the habit of face-to-face conversation.

B1 İngilizce — tüm üniteler

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Ünite 8 · 🏙️

City Life

Second Conditional ve Wish