B1 · Pre-Intermediate · Ünite 9 / 10

🗣️ Expressing Ideas & Opinions

Gramer: Reported Speech (Tense backshift + reporting verbs)

Fikir ve tartışma temasıyla dolaylı anlatımı, zaman kaymasını, say / tell farkını ve claim, admit, deny, suggest gibi bildirme fiillerini öğreniyorsun.

📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi

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İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma

Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Expressing Ideas & Opinions

Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.
#Kelime / KalıpTürkçe açıklama
1claim (that)İddia etmek — (şüpheli veya tartışmalı)
2argue (that)Öne sürmek, savunmak — mantıklı argümanla
3admit (that)Kabul etmek, itiraf etmek
4deny + V-ingİnkâr etmek (deny stealing ≠ deny to steal)
5suggest + V-ing / thatÖnermek
6warn (sb) that/not toUyarmak
7She said (that)...Dolaylı anlatım — 'said' nesne almaz
8He told me (that)...Dolaylı anlatım — 'told' nesne alır: told me/him/her
9ask if / whetherEvet/hayır sorusunu dolaylı aktarmak
10tense backshiftZaman kayması — dolaylı anlatımda fiil gerilir
💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.

Reported Speech — Dolaylı Anlatım

Birinin söylediğini başkasına aktarırken kullanılır. Türkçe'deki "dedi ki, söyledi ki" yapısına benzer. Ama dikkat — İngilizce'de zamanlar geri kayar!

📌 Zaman kayması tablosu

Direct SpeechReported Speech
Present Simple: "I love coffee."Past Simple: She said she loved coffee.
Present Continuous: "I am working."Past Continuous: He said he was working.
Past Simple: "I saw him."Past Perfect: She said she had seen him.
will: "I will help."would: He said he would help.
can: "I can swim."could: She said she could swim.
must: "You must go."had to: He said I had to go.

📌 Zamir ve zaman değişimleri

said (that) — beyan
"I am tired." → She said (that) she was tired.
"We will come." → They said they would come.
"I have finished." → He said he had finished.
told / asked — soru ve komutlar
"Are you OK?" → She asked if I was OK.
"Close the door!" → He told me to close the door.
"Don't be late!" → She told me not to be late.
💡
TIP — said vs told
said → kime söylendiği belirtilmez veya "to" ile:
She said (that) she was tired. ✅ / She said to me that... ✅

told → mutlaka kişi belirtilir:
She told me (that) she was tired. ✅
❌ She told that she was tired. (kişi eksik!)
📘 Bu konuyu Visual Grammar serisinde detaylı çalış → ›
📄

The Art of Disagreeing Well

sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.

Many young people say they find it difficult to disagree with teachers, parents or managers. Some admit they often stay silent, even when they know the other person is wrong.

Psychologist Dr Ayla Demir argued that this was deeply damaging — both to individuals and to society. She claimed that a culture of silent agreement prevented genuine problem-solving. "I would argue that respectful disagreement is not rude — it is essential," she told students at a recent conference. "It can be learned and practised."

She suggested using phrases like "I see what you mean, but..." or "That's an interesting perspective — have you considered...?" She warned that aggressive language almost always escalated rather than resolved conflict.

A student asked whether there was ever a situation where disagreeing simply was not worth it. Dr Demir replied that there was almost always a way to express a different view with dignity — if you chose your words carefully.

"The problem," she said, "is that people confuse disagreement with attack. They are completely different things." She admitted that even she had been guilty of this in her younger years. "I denied being wrong for years," she laughed. "Learning to say 'I was mistaken' was one of the hardest and most important lessons of my life."

Another student asked what single piece of advice she would give. "Listen first," she replied. "Always, always listen first."

📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları

1What do many young people find difficult to do, according to the text?

Disagree with teachers, parents or managers.

2What did Dr Demir claim about silent agreement?

She claimed it prevented genuine problem-solving.

3What phrases did she suggest using to disagree politely?

'I see what you mean, but...' or 'That's an interesting perspective — have you considered...?'

4What was her single piece of advice at the end?

'Listen first. Always, always listen first.'

Alıştırmalar: Reported Speech (dolaylı anlatım)

0Doğru
0Yanlış
0XP
0%Başarı
1"I am tired." → She said she ___ tired.
2"I will call you." → He said he ___ call me.
3"I can help." → She said she ___ help.
4"I have seen that film." → He said he ___ that film.
5She ___ me that she was leaving the next day.
6He ___ that the meeting had been cancelled.
7"Are you OK?" → She asked ___ I was OK.
8"Where do you live?" → He asked where I ___.
9"I went there last year." → She said she ___ there the year before.
10He ___ taking the money. (deny + V-ing)
11She ___ going to a different café. (suggest + V-ing)
12"I can't come." → He said he ___ come.
13"What time does it start?" → She asked what time it ___.
14He ___ us that the road was extremely dangerous.
15"I haven't been there." → She said she ___ there.
✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.

1Dolaylı anlatım

Report what someone said to you recently (a teacher, friend, or family member). Write 4–5 sentences using reported speech. Start: My teacher told me that... / My friend said that she... / She admitted that...
0 kelime
My teacher told me that I needed to practise my speaking more consistently. My friend said that she was going to study abroad in Ireland next year. She admitted that she had been feeling very nervous about the university interview. He claimed that the final test had been completely unfair.

2Tartışma sahne

Write a short dialogue (2–3 exchanges) where two people politely disagree. Then rewrite it in reported speech.
0 kelime
Dialogue: Ali: I think we should cancel the camping trip — the weather forecast looks terrible. Selin: I disagree. I think we can make it work if we bring proper equipment. Ali: Are you sure? It might be dangerous. Selin: I believe we'll be fine. Reported speech: Ali suggested that they should cancel the trip because the forecast looked terrible. Selin disagreed, saying she thought they could make it work. Ali asked if she was sure and warned that it might be dangerous. Selin replied that she believed they would be fine.

B1 İngilizce — tüm üniteler

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Ünite 8 · 🏙️

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Second Conditional ve Wish