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A2 · Elementary · Ünite 7 / 10

🏕️ Adventure & Outdoor Activities

Gramer: Modal verbs — must/mustn't · have to/don't have to · should/shouldn't

Kamp kuralları üzerinden zorunluluk, yasak ve tavsiye bildiren modalları öğreniyorsun; özellikle mustn't ile don't have to arasındaki kritik farkı.

📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi
📄PDF indir yazdırılabilir · cevap anahtarlı 📝Word indir düzenlenebilir .docx

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İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma

Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Adventure & Outdoor Activities

Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.
#Kelime / KalıpTürkçe açıklama
1camp / campsiteKamp yapmak / kamp alanı
2hike / hiking trailYürüyüş yapmak / yürüyüş parkuru
3wildlifeDoğada yaşayan hayvanlar, vahşi doğa
4equipment / gearEkipman, malzeme
5shelterBarınak, sığınak
6sunscreen / insect repellentGüneş kremi / böcek kovucu
7first aid kitİlk yardım çantası
8compassPusula
9stunning sceneryMuhteşem manzara
10get lostYolunu kaybetmek, kaybolmak
💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.

must / mustn't / have to / don't have to — Zorunluluk

Bu modallar zorunluluk ve yasak ifade eder. Birbirinden farklı güçlerde kullanılırlar. Aralarındaki farkı iyi anlamak çok önemlidir.

📌 Temel Karşılaştırma Tablosu

ModalAnlamTürkçeÖrnek
mustzorunluluk (güçlü)-malı/-meli (yapman şart)You must wear a seatbelt.
mustn'tyasak (kesinlikle yapma)yapmamalısın — yasak!You mustn't run near the pool.
have tozorunluluk (dışarıdan kural)yapmak zorundayımI have to wear a uniform at school.
don't have togerekli değilyapmak zorunda değilimYou don't have to bring food.
🔀
DON'T CONFUSE — mustn't vs don't have to
mustn't = YASAK! Kesinlikle yapma:
"You mustn't smoke here." → Sigara içmen yasak!

don't have to = zorunlu değil, ama yapabilirsin:
"You don't have to bring food." → Yemek getirmek zorunda değilsin. (istersen getirebilirsin)

Bu ikisi Türkçe'ye aynı çevrilebilir ama İngilizce'de anlamları çok farklıdır!
🚨
IMPORTANT — He/She için have to
must → hiç değişmez (she must, he must — hep aynı)
have to → He/She için has to:
She has to wear a uniform. ✅ (has to, not have to)
❌ She have to wear a uniform.
Yürüyüş kuralları
You must bring water. (zorunlu)
You mustn't leave litter. (yasak)
You don't have to bring a tent. (opsiyonel)
Okul kuralları
Students have to wear uniforms.
You mustn't use your phone in class.
You don't have to bring lunch money.
📘 Bu konuyu Visual Grammar serisinde detaylı çalış → ›
📄

Camping Rules — Read Before You Go!

sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.

Congratulations! You have booked a place on our three-day camping adventure in the Kaçkar Mountains. Please read these rules carefully before you come.

SAFETY RULES — YOU MUST:
• You must always stay on the marked hiking trails.
• You must carry a first aid kit, a compass and a torch.
• You must tell someone where you are going before you leave camp.
• You must wear appropriate footwear — no flip-flops!

YOU MUSTN'T:
• You mustn't feed the wild animals. It's dangerous.
• You mustn't light fires outside the designated areas.
• You mustn't leave litter anywhere in the forest.

YOU DON'T HAVE TO (but it's recommended):
• You don't have to bring your own tent — we provide them.
• You don't have to be an experienced hiker — but you should be fit.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
• You should pack warm clothes — nights are cold at 2,000 metres!
• You shouldn't hike alone. Always go with a partner.

📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları

1What three items must campers always carry?

A first aid kit, a compass and a torch.

2Why mustn't you feed wild animals?

Because it is dangerous.

3Do campers have to bring their own tent?

No, they don't have to — tents are provided.

4Why should campers pack warm clothes?

Because nights are cold at 2,000 metres.

Alıştırmalar: must / mustn't / have to / don't have to

0Doğru
0Yanlış
0XP
0%Başarı
1You ___ wear a seatbelt. It's the law!
2You ___ touch the exhibits in the museum. It's forbidden!
3You ___ bring money — entry is free.
4You ___ pack sunscreen. The sun is very strong.
5You ___ hike alone at night. It's very dangerous.
6We ___ (have to) carry ID — it's required here.
7Children under 5 ___ pay. The ticket is free for them.
8You ___ leave litter in the forest. It's against the rules!
9She ___ study medicine — she hates it. Maybe law?
10You ___ be quiet in the library.
11We ___ leave now — the bus goes in 5 minutes!
12You ___ feed the animals — it's strictly prohibited.
13It's a casual party — you ___ wear formal clothes.
14You look tired. You ___ go to bed early tonight.
15Hikers ___ stay on marked trails at all times.
✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.

1Kamp kuralları

Write 6 camp rules using must / mustn't / should / shouldn't / have to / don't have to. Example: You must bring a torch. You mustn't leave litter.
0 kelime
You must always bring a torch and a first aid kit on any mountain hike. You must wear proper boots — never flip-flops. You mustn't leave litter in the forest. You mustn't feed wild animals — it is dangerous. You should pack warm clothes. You don't have to bring a tent if one is provided.

2Macera deneyimi

Write 4 sentences about an outdoor adventure you have had OR would like to have. What should/must you do to prepare?
0 kelime
Last summer, I went on a three-day hiking trip with my school. It was challenging but absolutely amazing. You should train for several weeks before a mountain hike. You must always walk with a partner and tell someone your planned route.

A2 İngilizce — tüm üniteler

✅
Ünite 3 · 🚀

Future Plans

going to / will (gelecek zaman)

✅
Ünite 10 · 🌍

Our Planet

Relative Clauses (who / which / that)