Ünite 1 · 🔬
Science & Discovery
Advanced Passive ve Impersonal Passive
B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Ünite 4 / 10
🗺️ Language & Communication
Gramer: Gerund vs Infinitive — Advanced (meaning changes)
Dil ve iletişim temasıyla stop, remember, forget, try, regret gibi fiillerde V-ing ile to + V1 arasındaki anlam farkını öğreniyorsun.
📚 10 kelime📐 Konu anlatımı📖 Okuma + 4 soru✏️ 15 alıştırma✍️ 2 yazma görevi
🎯 Bu ünitede neler öğreneceksin?
- 📚Kelime
10 kelime ve kalıp — resist + V-ing · avoid + V-ing · stop to V1 vs stop V-ing …
- 📐Gramer
Gerund vs Infinitive — Advanced (meaning changes)
- 📖Okuma
“Can You Think in Another Language?” metni ve 4 anlama sorusu
- ✍️Yazma
Anlam farkı · Dil öğrenmek
İlerlemen 0/5📚 Kelimeler📐 Gramer📖 Okuma✏️ Alıştırmalar✍️ Yazma
Kelimeler ve kalıplar: Language & Communication
Bu ünitenin temel kelime ve kalıpları. Önce anlamlarını oku, sonra Okuma metninde bul.
| # | Kelime / Kalıp | Türkçe açıklama |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | resist + V-ing | Direnmek — resist temptation → resist taking |
| 2 | avoid + V-ing | Kaçınmak — avoid saying anything hurtful |
| 3 | stop to V1 vs stop V-ing | Durup yapmak (amaç) vs bırakmak (son vermek) |
| 4 | remember to V1 vs remember V-ing | Hatırlayıp yapmak (gelecek) vs hatırlamak (geçmiş) |
| 5 | try to V1 vs try V-ing | Denemek/çabalamak vs deneyip görmek |
| 6 | regret to V1 vs regret V-ing | Üzülerek söylemek (resmi) vs pişman olmak (geçmiş) |
| 7 | forget to V1 vs forget V-ing | Unutup yapmamak vs yapmayı unutmak (geçmişi) |
| 8 | go on to V1 vs go on V-ing | Sonra yapmak vs devam etmek |
| 9 | mean to V1 vs mean V-ing | Niyetinde olmak vs anlamına gelmek |
| 10 | need + V-ing (passive sense) | Yapılması gerekiyor — 'The car needs fixing.' |
💡 Kuralı öğrendikten sonra Okuma sekmesindeki sarı işaretli yapıları incele, sonra Alıştırmalar'a geç.
Gerund mı, infinitive mi? Anlamı değiştiren fiiller
B2 seviyesinde asıl zorluk, hem -ing hem to + V1 alabilen ama anlamı değişen fiillerdir. Genel bir ipucu: -ing çoğunlukla önceden olmuş / gerçekleşmiş bir eylemi, to + V1 ise sonra yapılacak / amaçlanan bir eylemi gösterir. remember doing (yaptığını hatırlamak) ↔ remember to do (yapmayı unutmamak).
📌 Özet tablo
| Yapı / Kural | Form | Anlam | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| Always V-ing (group 1) | enjoy / avoid / consider / deny / mind / risk / suggest / finish / keep / practise | Bu fiillerden sonra her zaman gerund → -ing | I enjoy learning. / She avoided answering. / He denied taking it. |
| Always to-inf (group 2) | want / decide / plan / hope / fail / refuse / afford / agree / manage / offer | Bu fiillerden sonra her zaman infinitive | She decided to leave. / He failed to arrive. / They refused to comment. |
| Meaning changes! | stop / remember / forget / try / regret / go on / mean | FARKLI anlam — dikkat! | stop to smoke ≠ stop smoking / remember to call ≠ remember calling |
| need + V-ing | 'need' + V-ing = passive meaning | The car needs washing. = The car needs to be washed. | Your essay needs checking. / This needs fixing urgently. |
⚠️⚠️ ANLAM DEĞİŞİMİ kritik! 'I stopped to smoke' = Durdum ve sigara içtim (amaç). 'I stopped smoking' = Sigara bıraktım. | 'I tried to open it' = Çabaladım (ama belki yapamadım). 'I tried opening it' = Denedim, baktım ne oldu.
🔍 Örneklerle
🧠 remember / forget
I remember locking the door. → Kapıyı kilitlediğimi hatırlıyorum. (geçmiş)
Remember to lock the door. → Kapıyı kilitlemeyi unutma. (gelecek)
I'll never forget meeting her. → Onunla tanıştığımı asla unutmayacağım.
⏸️ stop / try
He stopped smoking last year. → Geçen yıl sigarayı bıraktı.
He stopped to buy some water. → Su almak için durdu.
Try restarting the phone. → Telefonu yeniden başlatmayı dene (bak işe yarayacak mı).
I tried to open the jar, but I couldn't. → Kavanozu açmaya çalıştım ama açamadım.
😔 regret / go on / mean
I regret saying that. → Bunu söylediğime pişmanım.
We regret to inform you that... → Size ... bildirmekten üzüntü duyarız. (resmi)
She went on talking for an hour. → Bir saat konuşmaya devam etti.
Taking the job means moving to Izmir. → İşi kabul etmek İzmir'e taşınmak demek.
⚠️
✅ I look forward to hearing from you. ❌look forward to hear
✅ I'm used to getting up early.
COMMON MISTAKE — look forward to / be used to
Buradaki to bir edattır, bu yüzden arkasından -ing gelir:✅ I look forward to hearing from you. ❌
✅ I'm used to getting up early.
💡
TIP — Algı fiilleri: see / hear + V1 ya da V-ing
I saw him cross the road. (eylemin tamamını gördüm) / I saw him crossing the road. (eylemin bir anını gördüm).
📝 Kendine sor — pratik yap
Don't forget ___ (call) your grandmother tonight. to call
I'll never forget ___ (see) the sea for the first time. seeing
She stopped ___ (eat) sugar two months ago. eating
I'm looking forward to ___ (meet) you. meeting
📄
Can You Think in Another Language?
sarı işaretli kelimeler bu ünitenin hedef yapıları ve kalıplarıdır.
Many language learners report beginning to think in their new language at a certain level — a remarkable cognitive shift. But what does it actually mean to think in a language, and does it change how we see the world?
Researchers have tried investigating this connection for decades. Some linguists avoid making strong claims, preferring to acknowledge complexity. Others have stopped trying to separate language from thought entirely.
What is clear is that successful language acquisition involves resisting the urge to translate word-for-word from your first language. You must try forgetting your mother tongue as a crutch. Top learners tend to stop relying on translation and start engaging directly with the new language.
They remember learning their first language unconsciously — without grammar rules, without translation, without effort. They try recreating that same natural process. Some even risk making embarrassing mistakes in public, understanding that this discomfort is essential for growth.
Many learners regret not starting earlier. But they also admit to having found unexpected joys: the moment of dreaming in a new language, of making a joke that lands, of understanding a film without subtitles.
📝 Comprehension Questions · Anlama soruları
1What do many learners report at a certain level?
Beginning to think in their new language — a cognitive shift.
2What does the text say successful learners must stop doing?
Relying on translation and using their mother tongue as a crutch.
3What risk do top learners take?
Making embarrassing mistakes in public.
4Find 3 verbs followed by gerund (V-ing) and 3 verbs followed by infinitive (to + V1) in the text.
V-ing: avoid making, resist translating, risk making / to-inf: try to separate, tend to stop, prefer to acknowledge
Alıştırmalar: Gerund vs Infinitive (anlam değişimi)
0Doğru
0Yanlış
0XP
0%Başarı
1I enjoy ___ new languages. (learn)
2She decided ___ abroad for a year. (study)
3I stopped ___ coffee last year. (drink) — bıraktım
4He stopped ___ some water. (drink) — su içmek için durdu
5Remember ___ the door before you leave. (lock) — yapman gereken
6I remember ___ this place as a child. (visit) — anı
7They tried ___ the window, but it was stuck. (open) — çabaladılar
8Try ___ it with a little olive oil — it's delicious. (make) — dene
9She avoided ___ anything controversial. (say)
10I forgot ___ the meeting in my calendar. (add) — eklemedim
11I'll never forget ___ the northern lights. (see) — yaşadım
12He kept ___ the same mistake. (make)
13I regret ___ you that your application was unsuccessful. (inform) — resmi
14She regrets ___ that job offer five years ago. (refuse) — pişmanlık
15He risks ___ his job if he's late again. (lose)
✍️ Öğrendiklerini serbest yazıya dök. Yazdıkların bu tarayıcıda saklanır; her görevin altında örnek cevap var.
1Anlam farkı
Write 2 sentence pairs showing the meaning difference:
1-) stopped to... / stopped ...ing
2-) remember to... / remember ...ing
3-) try to... / try ...ing
0 kelime
1. I stopped to read the sign — it said 'No Entry'. / I stopped reading the report because it was making me angry.
2-) I remember to take my medication every morning without fail. / I remember learning to ride a bike — my father let go without telling me.
3-) I tried to explain the problem as clearly as I could. / I tried using a completely different approach, and this time it actually worked.
2Dil öğrenmek
Write 4–5 sentences about your experience learning English (or another language). Use at least 4 different verb patterns (gerund and infinitive).
0 kelime
I genuinely enjoy learning English, particularly through authentic texts and podcasts. I've stopped translating every unknown word because it disrupts my reading flow. I want to develop my spoken fluency more than anything else. I try to think directly in English as much as possible — it is challenging but extremely effective.
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